AI科研助手
0. Absence of Majorana-Weyl fermions in $d=4$ and the theory of Majorana fermionsid:2510.14998:id在线阅读
Kazuo Fujikawa
It is customary to identify $\psi_{+}=\nu_{R} + C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ with a Majorana fermion on the basis of chirality changing charge conjugation $\tilde{C}: \nu_{R}\rightarrow C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ and parity $\tilde{P}: \nu_{R}\rightarrow i\gamma^{0}\nu_{R}$. The theorem on the absence of a Majorana-Weyl fermion in $d=4$ states $\tilde{C}\gamma_{5}\tilde{C}^{-1}= -\gamma_{5}$ with $\tilde{C}=C\gamma_{4}^{T}$, and thus the charge conjugation of the equivalent Majorana $\psi_{+}=(\frac{1+\gamma_{5}}{2})\nu_{R} + (\frac{1-\gamma_{5}}{2})C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ vanishes without auxiliary $\gamma_{5}\rightarrow - \gamma_{5}$.
根据手性变化的电荷共轭 $\tilde{C} ，人们习惯于将 $\psi_{+}=\nu_{R} + C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ 识别为马约拉纳费米子：\nu_{R}\rightarrow C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ 和奇偶性 $\tilde{P}：\nu_{R}\rightarrow i\gamma^{0}\nu_{R}$.关于在 $d=4$ 状态 $\tilde{C}\gamma_{5}\tilde{C}^{-1}= -\gamma_{5}$ 中不存在马约拉纳-韦尔费米子的定理是 $\tilde{C}=C\gamma_{4}^{T}$ 、因此，等价马约拉纳粒子的电荷共轭 $\psi_{+}=(\frac{1+\gamma_{5}}{2})\nu_{R} + (\frac{1-\gamma_{5}}{2})C\overline\{nu_{R}}^{T}$ 在没有辅助 $\gamma_{5}\rightarrow -\gamma_{5}$ 的情况下消失。
To be consistent with the theorem, it is common to use a doublet representation of chirality preserving charge conjugation $\hat{C}:\nu_{R,L}\rightarrow C\overline{\nu_{L,R}}^{T}$ and parity $\hat{P}: \nu_{R,L}\rightarrow i\gamma^{0}\nu_{L,R}$ in theory containing both $\nu_{R,L}$. In the type I seesaw model, the latter formulation is applicable but $\psi_{+}=\nu_{R} + C\overline{\nu_{R}}^{T}$ is not a Majorana fermion. An analogue of the Bogoliubov transformation converts $\psi_{\pm}=\nu_{R, L} \pm C\overline{\nu_{R, L}}^{T}$, which are obtained by a precise diagonalization of the seesaw model, to Majorana fermions $\psi_{M_{1,2}}=(\psi \pm C\overline{\psi}^{T})/\sqrt{2}$ with a Dirac-type fermion $\psi$, as originally defined by Majorana. A chiral projection $[(1+\gamma_{5})/2] \psi_{M_{1}}$ of a Majorana fermion is not a chiral fermion.

1. Adiabatic hydrodynamization and quasinormal modes of nonthermal attractorsid:2510.15016:id在线阅读
Matisse De Lescluze, Michal P. Heller, Aleksas Mazeliauskas, Bruno Scheihing-Hitschfeld, Clemens Werthmann
Nonthermal attractors characterize the emergent self-similar evolution of far-from-equilibrium quantum systems, from nuclear collisions to cold-atom experiments. Within the adiabatic hydrodynamization framework, the approach to the nonthermal attractor can be understood as the decay of excited states of an effective Hamiltonian. We use an exactly solvable case of the Boltzmann equation -- the longitudinally expanding overoccupied gluon plasma dominated by small-angle elastic collisions -- to map the eigenmodes in adiabatic hydrodynamization to the quasinormal mode spectrum of the nonthermal attractor. If generalized, this equivalence may be used as a discovery tool for new phenomena in out-of-equilibrium systems. A byproduct of our analysis is the analytic prescaling solutions for systems undergoing strong longitudinal expansion.
从核对撞到冷原子实验，非热吸引子是远平衡量子系统出现的自相似演化的特征。在绝热流体力学框架内，非热吸引子的形成可以理解为有效哈密顿的激发态衰变。我们利用波尔兹曼方程的一种精确可解情况--由小角弹性碰撞主导的纵向膨胀过占胶子等离子体--将绝热流体力学中的特征模映射到非热吸引子的准正常模谱。如果推广开来，这种等价关系可用作发现非平衡系统新现象的工具。我们分析的一个副产品是强纵向膨胀系统的解析预缩放解。

2. Radiative Correction from Secret Neutrino Interactions and Implications for Neutrino-Scattering Experimentsid:2510.15023:id在线阅读
Saeid Foroughi-Abari, Kevin J. Kelly, Yue Zhang
New, neutrinophilic mediators are one potential extension beyond the Standard Model of particle physics. Often, studies of neutrinophilic mediator consist of searching for direct evidence of its production and/or its tree-level virtual effect for generating strong neutrino self-interaction. In this work, we focus instead on the fact that such new mediators \textit{also} lead to deviations in neutrino-matter scattering via radiative corrections. With a mediator mass well below the electroweak scale, these effects are potentially observable in a variety of contexts, including coherent elastic neutrino-nucleus scattering (CEvNS), neutrino deeply-inelastic scattering ($\nu$DIS), and neutrino-electron scattering (e.g., at Borexino). Additionally, such effects lead to new contributions to the $Z$-boson decay width and to non-standard neutrino interactions relevant for long-baseline oscillation experiments. We explore all of these scenarios in some depth, building on the rich phenomenology associated with neutrinophilic mediators.
新的亲中性介质是粒子物理学标准模型之外的一个潜在延伸。通常，对亲中微子介质的研究包括寻找其产生的直接证据和/或其产生强中微子自相互作用的树级虚拟效应。在这项工作中，我们将重点放在这样一个事实上：这种新的介质（textit{also}通过辐射修正导致了中微子-物质散射的偏差。由于介质的质量远低于电弱尺度，这些效应有可能在各种情况下被观测到，包括相干弹性中微子-核散射（CEvNS）、中微子深弹性散射（$\nu$DIS）和中微子-电子散射（例如在伯乐星）。此外，这些效应还导致了对$Z$玻色子衰变宽度的新贡献，以及与长基线振荡实验相关的非标准中微子相互作用。我们在与亲中性介质相关的丰富现象学基础上，对所有这些情况进行了深入探讨。

3. Atomic Quantum Sensors for High-Frequency Gravitational Wave Searchesid:2510.15031:id在线阅读
Yi-fu Cai, Luca Visinelli, Sheng-Feng Yan
High-frequency gravitational waves represent an unexplored frontier of gravitational physics. While pulsar timing arrays reach nHz frequencies and ground-based interferometers probe the audio band, the regime above the MHz scale remains essentially untested. We propose a hybrid detection framework in which gravitons convert to photons via the Gertsenshtein effect in strong magnetic fields; the resulting electromagnetic signal is resonantly enhanced in a cavity and read out by atomic quantum sensors. Our approach combines multiple channels, including long-coherence Raman interferometry in alkali atoms, microwave Rydberg transitions, photoionization-based detection, and inner-shell electronic resonances. We derive the graviton-photon conversion probability, compute the induced photon flux, and estimate the shot-noise-limited spectral strain noise density. Depending on configuration, the projected shot-noise-limited sensitivity ranges from $\sqrt{S_{h, {\rm min}}} \sim 10^{-22}{\rm\,Hz^{-1/2}}$ in conservative microwave implementations to $\sqrt{S_{h, {\rm min}}} \sim 10^{-37}{\rm\,Hz^{-1/2}}$ in aggressive optical Raman schemes, potentially surpassing the cosmological bound from Big Bang Nucleosynthesis for stochastic backgrounds, while coherent bursts remain unconstrained and detectable. Such reach allows to test scenarios involving primordial black holes, topological defects, violent phase transitions, and (p)reheating, motivating advances in high-$Q$ cavities, strong-field magnets, and quantum-limited atomic sensors, with broad impact across quantum metrology and fundamental physics.
高频引力波是引力物理学尚未探索的前沿领域。脉冲星定时阵列可以探测到 nHz 频率，地面干涉仪可以探测到音频波段，但 MHz 以上的频率基本上还没有被探测到。我们提出了一种混合探测框架，其中引力子在强磁场中通过格尔岑什丁效应转换为光子；由此产生的电磁信号在空腔中共振增强，并由原子量子传感器读出。我们的方法结合了多种渠道，包括碱原子中的长相干拉曼干涉测量、微波雷德贝格跃迁、基于光离子化的探测以及内壳电子共振。我们推导出引力子-光子转换概率，计算出诱导光子通量，并估算出射击噪声限制的频谱应变噪声密度。根据配置的不同，预计的射噪声限灵敏度范围为 $\sqrt{S_{h, {\rm min}}} 。\在保守的微波实施中为 10^{-22}{\rm\,Hz^{-1/2}}$ ，在保守的微波实施中为 $\sqrt{S_{h, {\rm min}} 。｝\sim 10^{-37}{\rm\,Hz^{-1/2}}$ 在激进的光学拉曼方案中，有可能超过大爆炸核合成对随机背景的宇宙学约束，而相干猝发仍然是无约束和可探测的。这样的范围允许测试涉及原始黑洞、拓扑缺陷、剧烈相变和（p）再加热的情景，推动了高$Q$空腔、强场磁铁和量子限制原子传感器的进步，对量子计量学和基础物理学产生了广泛影响。

4. Effects of Radiative Corrections on Starobinsky Inflationid:2510.15137:id在线阅读
John Ellis, Tony Gherghetta, Kunio Kaneta, Wenqi Ke, Keith A. Olive
We analyze radiative corrections to the Starobinsky model of inflation arising from self-interactions of the inflaton, and from its Yukawa couplings, $y$, to matter fermions, and dimensionful trilinear couplings, $\kappa$, to scalar fields, which could be responsible for reheating the Universe after inflation. The inflaton self-interactions are found to be of higher order in the Hubble expansion rate during inflation, and hence unimportant for CMB observations. In contrast, matter couplings to the Starobinsky inflaton can have significant effects on the spectral index of scalar CMB perturbations, $n_s$, and on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, $r$. Using a renormalization-group improved analysis of the effective inflationary potential, we find that the Planck measurement of $n_s$ constrains the inflaton coupling to light fermions in the Einstein frame: $y < 4.5 \times 10^{-4}$, corresponding to an upper limit on the reheating temperature $T_{\rm RH} < 2 \times 10^{11}~{\rm GeV}$, whereas the ACT DR6 measurement of $n_s$ corresponds to $3.8 \times 10^{-4} < y < 5.6 \times 10^{-4}$ and $1.7 \times 10^{11} ~{\rm GeV} < T_{\rm RH} < 2.8 \times 10^{11}~{\rm GeV}$, while the upper limits on $r$ provide weaker constraints. Planck data also imply a constraint on a trilinear inflaton coupling to light scalars in the Einstein frame: $\kappa \leq 4 \times 10^{12}~{\rm GeV}$, corresponding to $T_{\rm RH} \leq 4.2 \times 10^{13}~{\rm GeV}$. We further present constraints on inflaton couplings to massive fermions and scalars, and analyze constraints on couplings in the Jordan frame.
我们分析了斯塔罗宾斯基暴胀模型的辐射修正，这些修正来自于膨胀子的自相互作用，以及膨胀子与物质费米子的尤卡瓦耦合（y$）和膨胀后可能导致宇宙再热的标量场的维度三线耦合（$\kappa$）。研究发现，在暴胀过程中，膨胀子的自相互作用在哈勃膨胀率中属于高阶，因此对CMB观测并不重要。与此相反，斯塔罗宾斯基膨胀子的物质耦合会对标量CMB扰动的频谱指数$n_s$和张量与标量之比$r$产生重大影响。利用重正化群改进的有效膨胀势分析，我们发现普朗克对$n_s$的测量约束了膨胀子与爱因斯坦框架中轻费米子的耦合：$y < 4.5 \times 10^{-4}$, 对应于再热温度的上限 $T_{\rm RH} < 2 \times 10^{11}~{\rm GeV}$, 而ACT DR6对$n_s$的测量对应于3.8 \times 10^{-4} < y < 5.6 \times 10^{-4}$ 和1.7 \times 10^{11}~{\rm GeV}.~{\rm GeV} < T_{\rm RH} < 2.8 \times 10^{11}~{\rm GeV}$，而 $r$ 的上限提供了较弱的约束。普朗克数据还意味着在爱因斯坦框架下三线性inflaton与轻标量耦合的约束：$\kappa \leq 4 \times 10^{12}~{rm GeV}$，对应于$T_{\rm RH} 。\4.2 倍 10^{13}~{\rm GeV}$。我们进一步提出了膨胀子与大质量费米子和标量的耦合约束，并分析了约旦框架中的耦合约束。

5. Enhancing di-jet resonance searches via a final-state radiation jet tagging algorithmid:2510.15151:id在线阅读
Bing-Xuan Liu, Yu-Xuan Shen, Yuan-Shun-Zi Sui
In this article, we investigate the possibility of enhancing the di-jet resonance searches by tagging the final state radiation (FSR) jet, using an event-level deep neural network. It is found that solely relying on the 4-momenta of the leading three jets allows the algorithm to achieve good discriminating power that can identify the hardest FSR jet in signal, while rejecting other soft jets. Once the invariant mass is corrected with the tagged FSR jet, the mass resolution of the signal is greatly enhanced, and the sensitivity of the search is also improved by 10-20%. By crafting the input variables carefully, the algorithm introduces minimal mass sculpting for the background, and its applicability extends to a broad mass range. This work proves that FSR jet tagging can potentially enhance the di-jet resonance searches, suiting various stages of the physics programmes at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) and High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC).
在本文中，我们利用事件级深度神经网络研究了通过标记终态辐射（FSR）射流来增强二射流共振搜索的可能性。研究发现，仅仅依靠前三个射流的 4-动量就能使算法达到很好的判别能力，可以识别信号中最硬的 FSR 射流，同时拒绝其他软射流。一旦用标记的 FSR 喷射修正了不变质量，信号的质量分辨率就会大大提高，搜索的灵敏度也会提高 10-20%。通过精心设计输入变量，该算法引入的背景质量雕刻最小，其适用性扩展到了很宽的质量范围。这项工作证明，FSR 射流标记有可能增强双射流共振搜索，适用于大型强子对撞机（LHC）和高亮度 LHC（HL-LHC）物理计划的各个阶段。

6. Study of $P$ and $CP$ symmetries in $Ξ^+_c\rightarrow Ξ^-π^+π^+$ at electron-positron colliderid:2510.15320:id在线阅读
Yunlu Wang, Yunlong Xiao, Pengcheng Hong, Ronggang Ping
Symmetry studies represent one of the most promising frontiers in particle physics research. This investigation focuses on exploring $P$ and $CP$ symmetries in the charm system through the measurement of asymmetry decay parameters in the three-body decay of $\Xi_c^{+}$. Incorporating electron and positron beam polarization effects and utilizing the helicity formalism, we characterize the decay of $\Xi_c^{+}$ and its secondary hyperons through asymmetry decay parameters. The complete angular distribution formula for these decays has been systematically derived. Our study evaluates the sensitivity of the asymmetry parameters for the $\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$ decay channel under various data sample sizes and beam polarization scenarios. These findings establish a robust theoretical framework for future experimental studies at the STCF, providing valuable insights for symmetry investigations in the charm sector.
对称性研究是粒子物理研究中最有前途的前沿领域之一。这项研究的重点是通过测量 $\Xi_c^{+}$ 三体衰变中的不对称衰变参数来探索粲系统中的 $P$ 和 $CP$ 对称性。结合电子束和正电子束的极化效应并利用螺旋形式主义，我们通过不对称衰变参数来描述 $\Xi_c^{+}$ 及其次级超子的衰变。我们系统地推导出了这些衰变的完整角分布公式。我们的研究评估了在各种数据样本大小和束流极化情况下，$\Xi_c^{+} \to \Xi^{-}\pi^{+}\pi^{+}$衰变通道的不对称参数的敏感性。这些发现为STCF未来的实验研究建立了一个稳健的理论框架，为粲部门的对称性研究提供了宝贵的见解。

7. The detection of cosmic neutrino background with helicity-changing decaysid:2510.15377:id在线阅读
Jihong Huang, Shun Zhou
In this talk, we present the investigation of the invisible decays of a heavy massive neutrino into a lighter neutrino and a massless Nambu-Goldstone boson, i.e., $\nu_i^{} \to \nu_j^{} + \phi$. The total decay rates are calculated in the most general case, where the individual helicities of both parent and daughter neutrinos are specified. We then examine the evolution of the number densities of cosmological relic neutrinos throughout the expansion of the Universe, and explore the consequent impacts on the capture rates in PTOLEMY-like experiments. The total event rates can be significantly modified compared to those in the scenario of stable neutrinos, with helicity-changing decays playing an especially important role in the Dirac neutrino case.
在本讲座中，我们将介绍对重质量中微子向轻质量中微子和无质量南布-戈德斯通玻色子（即 $\nu_i^{} 到 \nu_j^{} 的不可见衰变的研究。\到 \nu_j^{}+ \phi$。在最一般的情况下，我们计算了总衰变率，其中指定了母中微子和子中微子的单个螺旋。然后，我们考察了宇宙学遗迹中微子的数量密度在整个宇宙膨胀过程中的演变，并探讨了由此对类似 PTOLEMY 实验的俘获率产生的影响。与稳定中微子的情况相比，总事件率会发生很大变化，在狄拉克中微子的情况下，嗣变衰变起着特别重要的作用。

8. Convergence of Heavy-Flavor PDFs at Small x and Its Impact on Future ep Collidersid:2510.15427:id在线阅读
S. O. Kara
We present the first quantitative demonstration of the statistical convergence of heavy-flavor parton distribution functions at small x across modern NNLO global fits. Using the latest NNPDF4.0, CT18, and MSHT20 sets, we find a maximal relative deviation of 16.8 percent at x = 1e-6 and Q = 100 GeV, corresponding to nearly a factor-of-two improvement over the approximately 30 percent spread in pre-2013 determinations. This convergence, stabilized by consistent alpha_s and scale treatments, marks a transition of the heavy-flavor sector into a statistically controlled regime of small-x QCD. We further show that this precision directly reduces PDF-driven uncertainties in heavy-quark electroproduction at future ep colliders (LHeC and FCC-eh) by about a factor of two and enhances the theoretical stability of leptophilic new-physics searches such as a neutral Z_l gauge boson. These findings establish a link between the precision frontier of QCD and the discovery potential of next-generation lepton-hadron facilities.
我们首次定量展示了现代 NNLO 全局拟合在小 x 时重味粒子分布函数的统计收敛性。利用最新的 NNPDF4.0、CT18 和 MSHT20 数据集，我们发现在 x = 1e-6 和 Q = 100 GeV 时，最大相对偏差为 16.8%，与 2013 年以前的测定中约 30% 的偏差相比，几乎提高了 2 倍。这种收敛通过一致的α_s和尺度处理得以稳定，标志着重味部门过渡到了小x QCD的统计控制机制。我们进一步证明，这一精度直接将未来ep对撞机（LHeC和FCC-eh）上重夸克电子产生的PDF驱动不确定性降低了约2倍，并增强了嗜轻新物理搜索（如中性Z_l规玻色子）的理论稳定性。这些发现在 QCD 的精确前沿和下一代轻子-强子设施的发现潜力之间建立了联系。

9. The $γ^\ast\to ηγ$ and $γ^\ast\to η'γ$ form factors to NNLO accuracy in perturbative QCDid:2510.15643:id在线阅读
V. M. Braun, K. G. Chetyrkin, A. N. Manashov
We use conformal symmetry to calculate the NNLO anomalous dimension matrix (three loops) for flavor-singlet axial-vector QCD operators for spin $N \le 8$ from a set of gauge-invariant two-point correlation functions. Combining this result with the recent calculation of the two-loop coefficient functions, we carry out the calculation of the $\gamma\gamma^\ast\to \eta$ and $\gamma\gamma^\ast\to \eta'$ form factors at large momentum transfers to the NNLO accuracy in perturbative QCD.
我们利用共形对称性，从一组规规不变的两点相关函数中计算了自旋 $N \le 8$ 的味道-小轴-矢量 QCD 算子的 NNLO 反常维矩阵（三环）。将这一结果与最近计算的二环系数函数相结合，我们在微扰QCD中计算了大动量转移到NNLO精度的$\gamma\gamma^\ast\to\eta$和$\gamma\gamma^\ast\to\eta'$形式因子。

10. Probing Composite Structure and Spin-Orbit Coupling with GPDs in ${}^{4}$Heid:2510.15838:id在线阅读
Antonio Garcia Vallejo, Matthew D. Sievert
In this work, we derive a relation between the generalized parton distributions (GPDs) of a spin-0 composite hadron and the GPDs of its spin-$\tfrac{1}{2}$ constituents. The method decomposes matrix elements of the composite parent into matrix elements of its constituents, weighted by the Wigner distributions of the constituents inside the composite parent. Exploiting the boost invariance of the light-front Wigner distributions, we derive the dictionary between rest-frame and boosted-frame kinematics and use it to perform a Pauli matrix decomposition of the spin degree of freedom. The constraints of unbroken rotational, parity, and time-reversal invariance lead to a master integral for the quark GPDs of the spin-0 composite target. We also identify a novel $\Delta\vec{L}\cdot\vec{S}$ form of spin-orbit coupling responsible for GPD mixing in composite hadrons which is absent in the case of transverse momentum dependent parton distributions (TMDs) of composite hadrons. We then apply the framework to a composite ${}^{4}$He target with simple phenomenological models to identify possible experimental signatures of composite-structure effects in light nuclei. The framework we have constructed here can be readily extended to the case of generalized TMDs (GTMDs), while the phenomenological framework is applicable both to analyses of light nucleus data and as training input for AI-assisted applications.
在这项工作中，我们推导出了自旋-0 复合强子的广义粒子分布（GPDs）与其自旋-$/tfrac{1}{2}$ 成分的 GPDs 之间的关系。该方法将复合母体的矩阵元素分解为其成分的矩阵元素，并根据复合母体内部成分的维格纳分布进行加权。利用光前维格纳分布的助推不变性，我们推导出静止帧和助推帧运动学之间的字典，并利用它对自旋自由度进行保利矩阵分解。在旋转不变性、奇偶性和时间反转不变性的约束下，我们得出了自旋-0 复合目标的夸克 GPD 的主积分。我们还发现了一种新的自旋轨道耦合形式（$\Delta\vec{L}\cdot\vec{S}$），它负责复合强子中的GPD混合，而这种形式在复合强子的横动量相关粒子分布（TMDs）情况下是不存在的。然后，我们将该框架应用于一个具有简单现象学模型的复合${}^{4}$He靶，以确定轻核中复合结构效应的可能实验特征。我们在这里构建的框架可以很容易地扩展到广义TMDs（GTMDs）的情况，而现象学框架既适用于轻核数据分析，也可作为人工智能辅助应用的训练输入。

11. Diabatic Dynamical Diquark Model of Hidden-Strangeness Tetraquarksid:2510.15844:id在线阅读
Shahriyar Jafarzade, Richard F. Lebed
We generalize our recent analysis of hidden-strangeness tetraquarks within the dynamical diquark model from its adiabatic form (in which each state is described solely by a diquark-antidiquark potential) to its diabatic form (which incorporates effects of di-hadron thresholds upon the states). We tabulate all relevant thresholds and compute the di-hadron content of each predicted state. Our results produce no particular hidden-strange tetraquark candidate whose structure is dominated by di-hadron structure, in contrast to the charm sector, where many exotic states are strongly associated with such thresholds. Multiple states above 2~GeV with peculiar decay properties, including $\phi(2170)$, $f_2(2340)$, and $\eta(2370)$, continue to serve as excellent hidden-strange tetraquark candidates.
我们把最近在动态二夸克模型中对隐蔽斯特朗四夸克的分析，从其绝热形式（其中每个态仅由二夸克-反二夸克势描述）推广到其绝热形式（其中包含了二重子阈值对态的影响）。我们列出了所有相关阈值，并计算了每个预测态的二氢原子含量。我们的结果显示，没有一个隐蔽奇异四夸克候选态的结构是由二氢原子结构主导的，这与粲部门形成了鲜明对比，在粲部门，许多奇异态都与这种阈值密切相关。2~GeV以上的多种具有奇特衰变性质的态，包括$\phi(2170)$、$f_2(2340)$和$\eta(2370)$，仍然是极好的隐奇异四夸克候选态。

12. Effect of Isolation Criteria on Prompt Photon Production in Relativistic Nuclear Collisionsid:2510.14633:id在线阅读
Sinjini Chandra, Rupa Chatterjee, Zubayer Ahammed
Prompt photon measurements in relativistic nuclear collisions serve as an essential comparative basis for heavy ion studies enabling the separation of medium induced effects. However, the identification of prompt photons is experimentally challenging due to substantial backgrounds from photons produced in hadron decays and jet fragmentation. Appropriate isolation criteria are applied to suppress these background contributions. We analyze prompt photon spectra using the JETPHOX framework to quantify the relative contributions of fragmentation and direct production mechanisms to the total photon yield. We perform a systematic study of the impact of isolation criteria on prompt photon production in relativistic nuclear collisions with emphasis on their dependence on beam energy and photon transverse momentum. The fragmentation contribution is found to be substantially large particularly for $p_T < 15$ GeV and the isolation criterion plays a crucial role in the analysis of prompt photons in that $p_T$ region. A dynamical isolation criterion suppresses the fragmentation component more effectively than a fixed one in this region. Furthermore, the isolation criterion shows a stronger dependence on beam energy and photon $p_T$ than on system size. These observations emphasize the importance of employing carefully selected and consistent isolation criteria when comparing experimental data with theoretical calculations especially for observables sensitive to fragmentation.
相对论核碰撞中的瞬发光子测量是重离子研究的重要比较基础，可以分离介质诱导效应。然而，由于强子衰变和射流碎片中产生的光子所带来的大量背景，瞬发光子的识别在实验上具有挑战性。我们采用适当的隔离标准来抑制这些背景贡献。我们利用 JETPHOX 框架分析瞬发光子光谱，量化碎片和直接产生机制对光子总产率的相对贡献。我们对相对论核碰撞中隔离标准对瞬发光子产生的影响进行了系统研究，重点是它们对束流能量和光子横动量的依赖性。我们发现碎片的贡献非常大，尤其是在 $p_T < 15$ GeV 的情况下，而隔离准则在该 $p_T$ 区域的瞬发光子分析中起着至关重要的作用。在这一区域，动态隔离准则比固定准则更有效地抑制了碎片成分。此外，与系统大小相比，隔离标准对光束能量和光子 p_T$ 的依赖性更强。这些观察结果表明，在将实验数据与理论计算结果进行比较时，尤其是对碎裂敏感的观测指标进行比较时，采用精心选择和一致的隔离标准非常重要。

13. Multi-species Dark Matter with Warmth and Randomnessid:2510.15046:id在线阅读
Mustafa A. Amin, M. Sten Delos, Kiaxin Yang
We present a general analytic framework for the evolution of cosmic structure in multi-species dark matter models that simultaneously incorporates finite velocity dispersion and Poisson fluctuations. Our approach accommodates arbitrary numbers of dark matter components with distinct mass fractions, velocity distributions, and number densities -- ranging from cold particles to warm species and sparse populations such as primordial black holes or solitons. The framework is based on solving a truncated BBGKY hierarchy, whose solution is obtained by solving Volterra integral equations. We provide an efficient algorithm to solve for the total, as well as inter- and intra-species power spectra. Worked examples with two-component mixtures illustrate how isocurvature (initially Poisson) and adiabatic spectra evolve differently depending on the properties of the warm or sparse fraction. This evolution is controlled by the free-streaming and Jeans scales, and the results match analytic estimates and $N$-body simulations.
我们提出了多物种暗物质模型中宇宙结构演化的一般分析框架，它同时包含了有限速度弥散和泊松波动。我们的方法可以容纳任意数量的具有不同质量分数、速度分布和数量密度的暗物质成分--从冷粒子到暖物种和稀疏种群，如原始黑洞或孤子。该框架以求解截断的 BBGKY 层次结构为基础，其解法通过求解伏特拉积分方程获得。我们提供了一种求解总功率谱以及种间和种内功率谱的高效算法。使用双组分混合物的工作示例说明了等曲率（最初为泊松）和绝热光谱如何根据温暖或稀疏部分的特性发生不同的演变。这种演变受自由流和 Jeans 尺度的控制，结果与分析估计和 $N$ 体模拟相吻合。

14. Exploring Ultra-Slow-Roll Inflation in Composite Pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone Boson Models: Implications for Primordial Black Holes and Gravitational Wavesid:2510.15460:id在线阅读
Marco Merchand
We study inflation driven by a scalar potential arising from composite-sector dynamics, inspired by generalized composite Higgs models. The introduction of a non-minimal coupling, possessing the same functional form as the potential, induces a flattening at large field values that enables successful inflation. We analyze the conditions for ultra-slow-roll inflation, which leads to enhanced curvature perturbations, by combining analytical criteria near the inflection point with comprehensive numerical scans of the parameter space. The region consistent with Cosmic Microwave Background constraints and yielding approximately $N_e \approx 55\text{-}60$ e-folds also predicts primordial black holes with masses in the range $10^3\text{-}10^5\,\mathrm{g}$. Although such ultra-light primordial black holes are typically expected to have evaporated, recent proposals invoking evaporation suppression via memory-burden effects could allow their survival as viable dark matter candidates. Under this assumption, the induced gravitational wave signal peaks in a frequency gap between standard interferometers and resonant-cavity experiments, motivating exploration of this observational frontier.
我们受广义复合希格斯模型的启发，研究了由复合扇区动力学产生的标量势驱动的通货膨胀。引入一个与势能具有相同函数形式的非最小耦合，会在大场值处引起平坦化，从而使膨胀成功。我们结合拐点附近的分析标准和参数空间的全面数值扫描，分析了导致曲率扰动增强的超慢速膨胀的条件。与宇宙微波背景约束相一致并产生大约 $N_e （大约 55\text{-}60$ e-folds）的区域也预言了质量在 $10^3\text{-}10^5\,\mathrm{g}$ 范围内的原始黑洞。虽然这种超轻的原始黑洞通常会被蒸发掉，但最近提出的通过记忆负担效应抑制蒸发的建议可能会让它们作为可行的暗物质候选者存活下来。在这一假设下，诱导引力波信号的峰值位于标准干涉仪和谐振腔实验之间的频率间隙，从而激发了对这一观测前沿的探索。

15. New Elementary Operator for Kaon Photoproduction on the Nucleon and Nucleiid:2510.15482:id在线阅读
Terry Mart, Jovan Alfian Djaja
A new elementary operator for kaon photoproduction on the nucleon and nuclei has been developed within a Feynman diagrammatic framework. By fitting the unknown coupling strengths at the electromagnetic and hadronic vertices of the baryon resonances to all available experimental data across the six isospin channels, the model achieves excellent agreement with the data. The operator includes 26 nucleon resonances in the $K\Lambda$ channels and 17 additional $\Delta$ resonances in the $K\Sigma$ channels. For applications to nuclear reactions, such as hypernuclear photoproduction, the operator is formulated in Pauli space, allowing a straightforward implementation of the nonrelativistic approximation. Several alternative forms for expressing the operator output are proposed. In one of them, the spin operators and photon polarization vectors are separated from the operator, since both are frame dependent, thereby enhancing its versatility in nuclear applications.
我们在费曼图解框架内开发了一种新的基本算子，用于核子和原子核上的箜子光生成。通过将重子共振的电磁顶点和强子顶点的未知耦合强度与六个等时空信道的所有可用实验数据进行拟合，该模型与数据达到了极好的一致性。算子包括 $K\Lambda$ 通道中的 26 个核子共振和 $K\Sigma$ 通道中的 17 个额外的 $\Delta$ 共振。对于核反应的应用，如超核光生，算子是在保利空间中制定的，允许直接实施非相对论近似。我们提出了几种表达算子输出的替代形式。其中一种形式将自旋算子和光子偏振矢量从算子中分离出来，因为这两种算子都与框架有关，从而提高了算子在核应用中的通用性。

16. Relativistic tidal divergences in circular orbits and the dynamics of light ringsid:2510.15705:id在线阅读
Victor F. C. Vieira, Rafael P. Bernar, Caio F. B. Macedo
Tidal forces acting on orbiting bodies arise from inhomogeneities in the gravitational field, generating stresses that can deform or even disrupt these objects. In this work, we analyze relativistic tidal forces associated with ultracompact objects described by static and spherically symmetric spacetimes, focusing on observers in circular geodesic motion. We show that, in contrast to the case of radial geodesics, tidal forces diverge as the orbit approaches null circular geodesics. As illustrative examples, we study two uniform-density stellar models: one isotropic and another supported purely by tangential stresses. We conjecture that the divergence of tidal forces near light rings may play a role in the nonlinear stability of ultracompact, horizonless objects.
作用在轨道天体上的潮汐力来自引力场的不均匀性，产生的应力会使这些天体变形甚至破坏。在这项研究中，我们分析了与静态和球对称时空描述的超小型天体相关的相对论潮汐力，重点是圆测地运动中的观测者。我们发现，与径向大地运动的情况不同，潮汐力随着轨道接近空圆大地运动而发散。作为示例，我们研究了两个均匀密度恒星模型：一个是各向同性模型，另一个是纯粹由切向应力支撑的模型。我们推测，光环附近潮汐力的发散可能在超紧密无地平线天体的非线性稳定性中发挥作用。

17. Impact of neutrino decays on the Cosmic Neutrino Background anisotropiesid:2510.15818:id在线阅读
Nicola Terzaghi, Guillermo Franco Abellán, Fabian Zimmer, Shin'ichiro Ando
The anisotropies of the Cosmic Neutrino Background (C$\nu$B) offer an ideal tool to test non-standard neutrino interactions, since they directly trace the perturbations in the neutrino distribution function. Here, we study how invisible neutrino decays impact the C$\nu$B anisotropies, in a framework where neutrinos decay non-relativistically to dark radiation and lighter neutrinos in a manner consistent with the measured mass splittings. For this purpose, we perform the first implementation of such a late-time neutrino decay scenario within a linear Einstein-Boltzmann solver, and compute the C$\nu$B angular power spectra from the Boltzmann hierarchy solutions for a range of lifetimes and decay channels. We find that neutrino decays leave very strong signatures on the C$\nu$B angular spectra, about two orders of magnitude larger than on the CMB angular spectra, particularly for lifetimes comparable to the age of the Universe. We show that a future polarized tritium target run of the PTOLEMY experiment, with sufficient counting statistics to measure just the first $\sim 15$ multipoles of the neutrino sky map, could test neutrino decay models that remain undetectable with CMB data.
宇宙中微子本底（C$\nu$B）的各向异性是检验非标准中微子相互作用的理想工具，因为它们直接追踪中微子分布函数的扰动。在这里，我们研究了不可见中微子衰变如何影响C$\nu$B各向异性，在此框架内，中微子以与测量质量分裂一致的方式非相对论性地衰变为暗辐射和轻中微子。为此，我们首次在线性爱因斯坦-玻尔兹曼求解器中实现了这种晚期中微子衰变情景，并根据一系列寿命和衰变通道的玻尔兹曼层次解计算了C$\nu$B角功率谱。我们发现，中微子衰变在 C$\nu$B 角频谱上留下了非常强的特征，比 CMB 角频谱大两个数量级，特别是在寿命与宇宙年龄相当的情况下。我们的研究表明，PTOLEMY 实验未来的偏振氚靶运行，其计数统计量足以测量中微子天图的前 $\sim 15$ 个多极，可以测试 CMB 数据仍然无法探测到的中微子衰变模型。

18. $B-L$ model in light of the CDF II resultid:2301.01522:id在线阅读
Sanjoy Mandal, Hemant Prajapati, Rahul Srivastava
Recent CDF II collaboration's result on $W$ mass measurements contradict Standard Model prediction, requiring new physics to explain this anomaly. Such new physics may manifest through tree-level or loop-level corrections to the mass of the $W$ boson. In this work, we investigate the possibility that the CDF-II result is indicative of new physics not directly changing the $W$ boson mass but rather the $Z$ boson mass. Since the $Z$ boson mass goes as an input into the Standard Model prediction for $W$ boson mass, this change in $Z$ mass ultimately leads to the discrepancy between the CDF-II measurement and the Standard Model expectation. We demonstrate this idea through one of the simplest and most studied $U(1)$ gauge extensions of the Standard Model, namely the gauged $U(1)_{B-L}$ extension. We demonstrate that $B-L$ extended models can explain the revised best-fit values for $S$, $T$, and $U$ following the CDF II results. We studied the parameter space of models with and without mixing between neutral gauge bosons. We also reviewed the dark matter constraints and demonstrated that there is parameter space that is compatible with the current $W$ boson mass, relic abundance, and direct detection experiments.
最近CDF II合作的W$质量测量结果与标准模型的预言相矛盾，需要新的物理学来解释这种反常现象。这种新物理可能通过树级或环级修正来体现 $W$ 玻色子的质量。在这项工作中，我们研究了这样一种可能性，即 CDF-II 结果表明的新物理并没有直接改变 $W$ 玻色子的质量，而是改变了 $Z$ 玻色子的质量。由于Z$玻色子质量是标准模型预测W$玻色子质量的输入，因此Z$质量的变化最终导致了CDF-II测量结果与标准模型预期之间的差异。我们通过标准模型最简单也是研究最多的 $U(1)$ 测量扩展之一，即测量 $U(1)_{B-L}$ 扩展来证明这一观点。我们证明了$B-L$扩展模型可以解释CDF II结果之后修正的$S$、$T$和$U$的最佳拟合值。我们研究了有中性规玻色子混合和无中性规玻色子混合模型的参数空间。我们还回顾了暗物质约束，并证明存在与当前$W$玻色子质量、遗迹丰度和直接探测实验相兼容的参数空间。

19. Femtoscopy can tell whether $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$ are resonances or virtual statesid:2404.18607:id在线阅读
Zhi-Wei Liu, Jun-Xu Lu, Ming-Zhu Liu, Li-Sheng Geng
There have been extended and heated discussions on the nature of the two exotic states, $Z_c(3900)$ and $Z_{cs}(3985)$, particularly whether they are near-threshold resonances, virtual states, or bound states. In this work, we demonstrate for the first time that the femtoscopic technique can be employed to distinguish between these three scenarios. More concretely, based on the Koonin-Pratt formula with a Gaussian source, we show that the low-momentum $D^0D^{*-}$/$D^0D_s^{*-}$ correlation functions significantly differ in the three scenarios. The high-momentum results exhibit distinct characteristics in the resonant and virtual state scenarios, especially in small collision systems of 1 fm, as produced in $pp$ collisions at the LHC. We hope that these discoveries will stimulate further experimental studies and help clarify the nature of the many exotic states that have been discovered.
关于$Z_c(3900)$和$Z_{cs}(3985)$这两种奇异状态的性质，特别是它们是近阈值共振、虚态还是束缚态，一直存在着广泛而激烈的讨论。在这项工作中，我们首次证明了飞微镜技术可以用来区分这三种情况。更具体地说，基于高斯源的库宁-普拉特公式，我们表明低动量 $D^0D^{*-}$/$D^0D_s^{*-}$ 相关函数在这三种情况下有显著差异。高动量结果在共振和虚态情况下表现出明显的特征，特别是在 1 fm 的小型碰撞系统中，如在大型强子对撞机的 $pp$ 碰撞中产生的结果。我们希望这些发现能激发进一步的实验研究，并帮助澄清已发现的许多奇异状态的性质。

20. Searching for GeV Gamma-Ray Polarization and Axion-Like Particles with AMS-02id:2411.10531:id在线阅读
Xiuyuan Zhang, Yi Jia, Tracy R. Slatyer
We study the detectability of GeV-band gamma-ray polarization with the AMS-02 experiment and its proposed successor AMS-100, from Galactic and extragalactic sources. Characterizing gamma-ray polarization in this energy range could shed light on gamma-ray emission mechanisms in the sources; physics beyond the Standard Model, such as the presence of axion-like particles (ALPs), could also induce a distinctive energy-dependent polarization signal due to propagation effects in magnetic fields. We present estimates for the minimum detectable polarization from bright sources and the forecast reach for axion-like particles (ALPs). We show that AMS-02 will have sensitivity to gamma-ray polarization only for the brightest steady-state Galactic sources, such as the Vela and Geminga pulsars; it is not expected to be capable of detecting polarization in Galactic or extragalactic sources that have been previously proposed as good targets for ALP searches with gamma-ray intensity measurements. However, AMS-100 observing the extragalactic source NGC1275 would be expected to probe new parameter space even for unfavorable B-field models, with prospects to measure the energy-dependence of such a signal. For Galactic sources, polarization measurements could provide a unique test of scenarios where ALPs induce energy-dependent features in the photon intensity. However, in the absence of a bright transient source (such as a Galactic supernova), the parameter space that would be probed by this approach with ten years of AMS-100 data is already nominally excluded by other experiments, although this conflict may be avoided in specific ALP models.
我们利用AMS-02实验及其拟议中的后续实验AMS-100研究了来自银河系和河外星系源的GeV波段伽马射线偏振的可探测性。对这一能量范围内的伽马射线偏振进行描述，可以揭示伽马射线源的伽马射线发射机制；标准模型之外的物理学，如类轴子粒子（ALPs）的存在，也会由于磁场中的传播效应而诱发一种独特的能量依赖性偏振信号。我们提出了从亮源可探测到的最小偏振的估计值，以及类轴子粒子（ALPs）的预测范围。我们的研究表明，AMS-02 只对最亮的稳态银河源（如 Vela 和 Geminga 脉冲星）具有伽马射线偏振灵敏度；预计它无法探测银河源或河外星系源的偏振，而这些源以前曾被提议作为利用伽马射线强度测量搜索 ALP 的良好目标。不过，AMS-100 对银河系外源 NGC1275 的观测将有望探测到新的参数空间，即使是对不利的 B 场模型也是如此，并有望测量这种信号的能量依赖性。对于银河源来说，偏振测量可以对 ALPs 在光子强度中诱发能量依赖性特征的情况进行独特的检验。不过，在没有明亮瞬变源（如银河系超新星）的情况下，这种方法利用十年的 AMS-100 数据探测的参数空间，名义上已经被其他实验排除在外，尽管在特定的 ALP 模型中可以避免这种冲突。

21. The exclusive production of a fully heavy tetraquark and a photon in electron-positron collisionid:2502.16777:id在线阅读
Xiao Liang, Jun Jiang, Shi-Yuan Li, Yan-Rui Liu, Zong-Guo Si
The exclusive production of fully heavy tetraquark ($T(bb\bar{b}\bar{b})$, $T(cc\bar{c}\bar{c})$ and $T(bc\bar{b}\bar{c})$) in association with a hard photon in electron-positron collisions is calculated within the framework of non-relativistic QCD. Both inner structures of molecule-like state and compact state with $J=0,1,2$ for the fully heavy tetraquark are discussed. We find that it is dismal to observe any fully heavy tetraquarks in either the compact configuration or the molecule-like configuration through such exclusive processes at either Belle II or future Z factories like CEPC and FCC-ee.
在非相对论QCD框架内计算了在电子-正电子碰撞中与硬光子结合产生的全重四夸克（$T(bb\bar{b}\bar{b})$, $T(cc\bar{c}\bar{c})$ 和$T(bc\bar{b}\bar{c})$ ）。讨论了全重四夸克的类分子态和$J=0,1,2$的紧密态的内部结构。我们发现，无论是在贝尔二号还是未来的 Z 工厂（如 CEPC 和 FCC-ee），都很难通过这种排他性过程观测到紧凑构型或类分子构型的全重四夸克。

22. A $B-$anomaly motivated $Z^\prime$ boson at the energy and precision frontiersid:2503.21319:id在线阅读
Ben Allanach, Christoph Englert, Wrishik Naskar
TeV-scale $Z^\prime$ bosons with family-dependent couplings can explain some anomalies inferred from $B-$meson measurements of processes involving the $b \rightarrow s \ell^+\ell^-$ transition. A $Z^\prime$ originating from kinetically-mixed spontaneously broken $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ gauge symmetry has been shown to greatly ameliorate global fits~\cite{Allanach:2024ozu} in a `flavour-preferred' region of parameter space. We provide an exploration of this region at the high luminosity (HL-)LHC with particular attention to which signals could be verified across different discovery modes. Even if the HL-LHC does not discover the $Z^\prime$ boson in a resonant di-lepton channel, a FCC-ee $Z$-pole run would detect oblique corrections to the electroweak precision observables (EWPOs). Changes due to $Z^\prime$-induced non-oblique corrections are unlikely to be detected, to within experimental precision. In any case, the extended discovery potential offered by a 100 TeV $pp-$collider would afford sensitivity to the entire flavour-preferred region and enable a fine-grained and forensic analysis of the~model.
具有族依赖耦合的TeV尺度$Z^\prime$玻色子可以解释从涉及$b \rightarrow s \ell^+\ell^-$ 转变过程的$B-$介子测量中推断出的一些异常现象。源于动力学混合自发破缺的 $U(1)_{B_3-L_2}$ 计对称性的 $Z^\prime$ 已被证明能够在参数空间的 "味道首选' 区域 "极大地改善全局拟合~/cite{Allanach:2024ozu}。我们在高亮度（HL-）大型强子对撞机上对这一区域进行了探索，特别关注哪些信号可以在不同的发现模式中得到验证。即使HL-LHC没有在共振二轻子通道中发现$Z^\prime$玻色子，FCC-ee $Z$极运行也会探测到对电弱精确观测指标（EWPOs）的斜校正。由于$Z^\prime$引起的非斜校正所导致的变化不太可能在实验精度范围内被探测到。无论如何，100 TeV $pp-$对撞机所提供的扩展发现潜力将提供对整个味道优选区域的灵敏度，并能够对~模型进行细粒度的鉴证分析。

23. Exploring Scotogenic Parameter Spaces and Mapping Uncharted Dark Matter Phenomenology with Multi-Objective Search Algorithmsid:2505.08862:id在线阅读
Fernando Abreu de Souza, Nuno Filipe Castro, Miguel Crispim Romão, Werner Porod
We present a novel artificial intelligence approach to explore beyond Standard Model parameter spaces by leveraging a multi-objective optimisation algorithm. We apply this methodology to a non-minimal scotogenic model which is constrained by Higgs mass, anomalous magnetic moment of the muon, dark matter relic density, dark matter direct detection, neutrino masses and mixing, and lepton flavour violating processes. Our results successfully expand on the phenomenological realisations presented in previous work. We compare between multi- and single-objective algorithms and we observe more phenomenologically diverse solutions and an improved search capacity coming from the former. We use novelty detection to further explore sparsely populated regions of phenomenological interest. These results suggest a powerful search strategy that combines the global exploration of multi-objective optimisation with the exploitation of single-objective optimisation.
我们提出了一种新颖的人工智能方法，利用多目标优化算法探索超越标准模型的参数空间。我们将这一方法应用于一个非最小观测模型，该模型受到希格斯质量、μ介子反常磁矩、暗物质遗迹密度、暗物质直接探测、中微子质量和混合以及轻子味道违反过程的约束。我们的结果成功地扩展了之前工作中提出的现象学现实。我们对多目标算法和单目标算法进行了比较，发现前者能提供更多不同现象的解决方案，并提高了搜索能力。我们利用新颖性检测进一步探索人口稀少的现象学兴趣区域。这些结果表明，多目标优化的全局探索与单目标优化的利用相结合，是一种强大的搜索策略。

24. An Analytic Prescription for $t$-channel Singularitiesid:2505.10890:id在线阅读
Kento Asai, Nagisa Hiroshima, Joe Sato, Ryusei Sato, Masaki J. S. Yang
The $t$-channel singularity is a divergence in the scattering amplitude which occurs when a stable particle propagating in $t$-channel scattering process becomes an on-shell state. Such situations appear either in the system of collider experiments or in the context of the cosmological particle production. No scheme which is generally applicable is known. In this work, we propose a new formulation to identify and remove the source of the divergence. The scheme is fully analytical and various applications can be expected. This work provides a valuable tool in this research field.
t通道奇异性是指在t通道散射过程中传播的稳定粒子变成壳上态时，散射振幅出现的发散现象。这种情况要么出现在对撞机实验系统中，要么出现在宇宙学粒子产生的背景下。目前还没有普遍适用的方案。在这项工作中，我们提出了一种新的方案来识别和消除发散源。该方案是完全分析性的，可望得到各种应用。这项工作为这一研究领域提供了有价值的工具。

25. Unwinding the rare $Ω$ sector: Fragmentation of fully charmed baryons from HL-LHC to FCCid:2506.00776:id在线阅读
Francesco Giovanni Celiberto
By adopting a hadron-structure-oriented approach, we present and discuss the release of the novel OMG3Q1.0 set of collinear fragmentation functions for fully charmed, rare $\Omega$ baryons. Our methodology combines diquark-like proxy model inputs for both charm-quark and gluon channels, calculated at the initial energy scales, with a DGLAP evolution that ensures a consistent treatment of heavy-quark thresholds, following directly from the HF-NRevo scheme. We complement our work with a phenomenological study of NLL/NLO$^+$ resummed $\Omega_{3c}$ plus jet distributions using (sym)JETHAD at the HL-LHC and the future FCC. Unraveling the production mechanisms of rare, yet-unobserved hadrons, as provided by the OMG3Q1.0 functions, stands as a key asset for deepening our understanding of QCD at future high-energy hadron colliders.
通过采用一种以强子结构为导向的方法，我们介绍并讨论了为全粲稀有 $\Omega$ 重子发布的一组新颖的 OMG3Q1.0 碰撞碎片函数。我们的方法结合了在初始能量尺度上计算的粲夸克和胶子通道的类二夸克代理模型输入，以及直接沿用 HF-NRevo 方案的 DGLAP 演化，以确保对重夸克阈值的一致处理。我们在 HL-LHC 和未来的 FCC 上使用（sym）JETHAD 对 NLL/NLO$^+$ resummed $\Omega_{3c}$ plus jet 分布进行了现象学研究，从而补充了我们的工作。OMG3Q1.0函数所提供的稀有的、尚未观测到的强子的产生机制，是我们在未来的高能强子对撞机上加深对QCD的理解的关键资产。

26. $CP$ violation in two-body hadronic $Λ_b$ decays in the PQCD approachid:2506.07197:id在线阅读
Jia-Jie Han, Ji-Xin Yu, Ya Li, Hsiang-nan Li, Jian-Peng Wang, Zhen-Jun Xiao, Fu-Sheng Yu
We systematically investigate the $CP$-averaged branching ratios and $CP$ violations (CPVs) for the two-body hadronic decays $\Lambda_b\to ph$, where $h$ runs through the mesons $\pi^-$, $\rho^-$, $a_1^-(1260)$, $K^-$, $K^{\ast -}$, $K_1^-(1270)$ and $K_1^-(1400)$, in the perturbative QCD approach to order $\alpha_s^2$ in the strong coupling. Various topological amplitudes are obtained by incorporating subleading-twist hadron distribution amplitudes, which exhibit reasonable hierarchical patterns, sizable strong phases, and non-negligible higher-power corrections. The predicted direct CPVs in $\Lambda_b\to p\pi^-,pK^-$, different from those in similar $B$ meson decays, are as small as the current data. The low CPV in $\Lambda_b\to p\pi^-$ results from the cancellation between the $S$- and $P$-wave CPVs, while the one in $\Lambda_b\to pK^-$ is determined by the tiny $S$-wave CPV. However, individual partial-wave CPVs can exceed $10\%$, consistent with direct CPVs in $B$ meson decays. The CPVs in the $\Lambda_b\to pK_1^-(1270),pK_1^-(1400)$ channels are relatively larger. In particular, CPVs above $20\%$ appear in the up-down asymmetries associated with the final-state angular distributions of $\Lambda_b\to pK_1^-(1270),pK_1^-(1400)$, followed by the secondary $K_1\to K\pi\pi$ decays. These observables offer promising prospects for firmly establishing baryon CPVs. The decay asymmetry parameters of $\Lambda_b\to ph$ are also predicted for future experimental confrontations.
我们系统地研究了双体强子衰变 $\Lambda_b\to ph$的 $CP$ 平均分支比和 $CP$ 违反（CPVs），其中 $h$ 贯穿介子 $\pi^-$、$/rho^-$, $a_1^-(1260)$, $K^-$, $K^{\ast -}$, $K_1^-(1270)$ 和 $K_1^-(1400)$。这些拓扑振幅表现出合理的层次模式、可观的强相位和不可忽略的高功率修正。在$\Lambda_b\to p\pi^-,pK^-$ 中预测的直接CPV与类似的$B$介子衰变中的CPV不同，与当前数据一样小。在$\Lambda_b\to p\pi^-$ 中的低CPV来自于$S$波和$P$波CPV之间的抵消，而在$\Lambda_b\to pK^-$ 中的低CPV是由微小的$S$波CPV决定的。然而，单个部分波的CPV可以超过$10\%$，这与$B$介子衰变中的直接CPV是一致的。在 $\Lambda_b\to pK_1^-(1270),pK_1^-(1400)$ 信道中的 CPV 相对较大。特别是，CPV 在 $\Lambda_b\to pK_1^-(1270),pK_1^-(1400)$的终态角分布相关的上下不对称中出现了 20\%$ 以上，其次是次级的 $K_1\to K\pi\i$ 衰变。这些观测数据为牢固确立重子CPV提供了广阔的前景。我们还预测了 $\Lambda_b\to ph$ 衰变的不对称参数，供未来的实验对抗使用。

27. WIMP/FIMP dark matter and primordial black holes with memory burden effectid:2506.20071:id在线阅读
Teruyuki Kitabayashi, Amane Takeshita
The lifetime of primordial black holes (PBHs), which formed in the early universe, can be extended by the memory burden effect. Light PBHs may exist today and be candidates for dark matter (DM). We assume that DM is made of thermally produced weakly interacting massive particles (WIMPs), WIMPs produced via the Hawking radiation of PBHs, and PBHs that survived Hawking evaporation via the memory burden effect. Feebly interacting massive particles (FIMPs) are alternatives to WIMPs. This paper shows that a small memory burden is preferable if the thermal production of WIMPs or FIMPs is much larger than the effect of PBH particle production via Hawking radiation. In addition, we show that the lower limit of the DM mass, called the warm DM (WDM) constraint, decreases with the memory burden effect of PBHs. Results suggest that the WDM constraint is more effective for FIMPs than for WIMPs.
在早期宇宙中形成的原始黑洞（PBHs）的寿命可以通过记忆负担效应得到延长。轻的原始黑洞今天可能存在，并且是暗物质（DM）的候选者。我们假设暗物质是由热产生的弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMPs）、通过PBHs的霍金辐射产生的WIMPs以及通过记忆负担效应从霍金蒸发中幸存下来的PBHs组成的。弱相互作用大质量粒子（FIMPs）是 WIMPs 的替代品。本文表明，如果 WIMPs 或 FIMPs 的热产生远大于通过霍金辐射产生 PBH 粒子的效应，那么小的记忆负担是可取的。此外，我们还表明，DM质量的下限（称为暖DM（WDM）约束）会随着PBH的记忆负担效应而减小。结果表明，WDM约束对FIMPs比对WIMPs更有效。

28. Flux of Extragalactic Dark Matter in Direct Detection Experimentsid:2507.01190:id在线阅读
Shokhruz Kakharov, Abraham Loeb
We calculate the contribution of extragalactic dark matter to the local dark matter density and flux in the Milky Way. By analyzing the Galactic escape velocity as a function of direction, we establish the criterion for separating dark matter particles bound to the Milky Way and those originating from the Local Group environment. Our analysis reveals that approximately 25% of dark matter particles in the Solar neighborhood have an extragalactic origin, contributing nearly 38% of the total mass flux. The directional dependence of this extragalactic component shows significant anisotropy across the sky, with implications for direct detection experiments. We provide quantitative predictions for detection rates and signatures that could help identify the extragalactic dark matter component in current and future experiments.
我们计算了银河系外暗物质对银河系本地暗物质密度和通量的贡献。通过分析银河系逃逸速度与方向的函数关系，我们建立了将束缚在银河系内的暗物质粒子和源自本星系环境的暗物质粒子区分开来的标准。我们的分析表明，太阳邻域中大约 25% 的暗物质粒子来源于银河系外，占总质量通量的近 38%。银河系外部分的方向依赖性在整个天空显示出明显的各向异性，这对直接探测实验有影响。我们对探测率和特征进行了定量预测，这有助于在当前和未来的实验中识别银河系外暗物质成分。

29. More visualisation of decay-time-dependent asymmetries in multibody B-meson decaysid:2507.04850:id在线阅读
Tim Gershon, Thomas Latham, Peilian Li, Andy Morris, Wenbin Qian, Mark Whitehead, Ao Xu
Methods have been proposed recently to weight data in order to allow visualisation of CP-violation effects in transitions of neutral B mesons to multibody final states that are not CP-eigenstates. These are useful since integration of the unweighted data over the phase space would otherwise wash out the effects of interest. A similar method, elaborated upon here, with a different weighting function can also be used to visualise CP-conserving $B_{(s)}^0$--$\overline{B}{}_{(s)}^0$ oscillations, rather than the CP-violating asymmetries. Together with the other weighting functions, this new method could be useful, for example, to demonstrate the accuracy of the calibration of the flavour tagging algorithms that are crucial for analyses such as the measurement of the CP-violating phase in $B_s^0 \to J/\!\psi\phi$ decays. Their application to the formalism in common use for such decays is explicitly demonstrated.
最近有人提出了对数据进行加权的方法，以便在中性B介子向非CP特征状态的多体终态的转变过程中可视化CP违反效应。这些方法非常有用，因为在相空间上对未加权数据进行积分，否则就会冲掉感兴趣的效应。类似的方法在这里也有详细阐述，使用不同的加权函数，也可以用来直观地显示CP守恒的$B_{(s)}^0$--$\overline{B}{}_{(s)}^0$振荡，而不是违反CP的不对称。与其他加权函数一起，这种新方法可以用来证明味道标记算法校准的准确性，而味道标记算法对于诸如测量$B_s^0 \to J/\!我们明确地展示了它们在常用于此类衰变的形式主义中的应用。

30. Dark Walker in the Early Universe: A Strongly Coupled Sector Modelid:2507.06454:id在线阅读
Chen Yang
We explore the phenomenology of the ``Dark Walker'' -- an $\text{SU}(3)$ theory with eight flavors of massless fundamental fermions in the dark sector. During inflation, its walking dynamics generate primordial non-Gaussianities through the exchange of unparticles, while accounting for the current dark matter relic abundance if we consider freeze-in of Dark Walker coupled to the Standard Model through the Higgs portal. This provides a simple yet predictive example linking strongly coupled inflationary dynamics to present-day dark matter.
我们探索了 "黑暗行者"（Dark Walker''）的现象学--这是一个在暗部门有八种无质量基本费米子的$text{SU}(3)$理论。在暴胀过程中，它的行走动力学通过非粒子的交换产生了原始的非高斯性，同时，如果我们考虑通过希格斯门户与标准模型耦合的暗沃克的冻结，就可以解释当前的暗物质遗迹丰度。这提供了一个将强耦合暴胀动力学与当今暗物质联系起来的简单而又具有预测性的例子。

31. Prospects for relic neutrino detection using nuclear spin experimentsid:2508.20357:id在线阅读
Yeray Garcia del Castillo, Giovanni Pierobon, Dipan Sengupta, Yvonne Y. Y. Wong
Direct detection of the cosmic neutrino background (C$\nu$B) remains one of the most formidable experimental challenges in modern physics. In this work, we extend recent studies of C$\nu$B-induced coherent transitions in polarised nuclear spin ensembles. Adopting an open quantum system framework, we model coherent neutrino effects in large spin ensembles using a Lindblad master equation that also incorporates realistic experimental imperfections such as local dephasing and imperfect polarisation. We solve the Lindblad equation numerically by way of a fast and computationally inexpensive method that can be extended to an arbitrarily large number of spins. Using our numerical solutions, we forecast the sensitivities of future experiments such as CASPEr to the local C$\nu$B overdensity parameter $\delta_\nu$. Our findings indicate that a CASPEr-like experiment, though primarily aimed at axion dark matter search, could also constrain the C$\nu$B overdensity to $\delta_\nu \sim 10^{13}$ in configurations achievable by currently planned experimental efforts, and down to $\delta_\nu \sim 10^{11}$ in the most optimised scenario. While C$\nu$B detection remains out of reach in the foreseeable future, our results highlight the potential of using quantum sensing to probe fundamental physics.
直接探测宇宙中微子背景（C$\nu$B）仍然是现代物理学中最艰巨的实验挑战之一。在这项工作中，我们扩展了最近对极化核自旋集合中 C$\nu$B 引发的相干跃迁的研究。我们采用了一个开放的量子系统框架，利用林德布拉德主方程来模拟大型自旋集合中的相干中微子效应，该方程还包含了现实的实验缺陷，如局部去相干和不完全极化。我们通过一种快速且计算成本低廉的方法对林德布拉德方程进行数值求解，该方法可扩展至任意数量的自旋。利用我们的数值解，我们预测了未来实验（如 CASPEr）对局部 C$\nu$B 超密度参数 $\delta_\nu$ 的敏感性。我们的研究结果表明，类似于CASPEr的实验虽然主要针对轴子暗物质搜索，但在目前计划的实验工作所能实现的配置中，也能将C$\nu$B过密度约束到$\delta_\nu \sim 10^{13}$，而在最优化的方案中，则能将C$\nu$B过密度约束到$\delta_\nu \sim 10^{11}$。虽然在可预见的未来，C$\nu$B 的探测仍然遥不可及，但我们的结果凸显了利用量子传感探测基础物理学的潜力。

32. Entropy and multiplicity of hadrons in the high energy limit within dipole cascade modelsid:2509.07898:id在线阅读
Krzysztof Kutak, Sándor Lökös
We investigate and compare QCD dipole cascade models, the 1D Mueller dipole model, its high energy limit and its generalization that follows from studies of 1D systems with conformal symmetry. To address the ambiguity stemming from different definitions of the rapidity ranges in experimental measurements, we propose the entropy as the function of the logarithm of the average multiplicity, $S(\ln\langle n \rangle)$, as a universal observable. From the solutions of the models, we calculate both the entropy and the average charged particle multiplicity and compare to data measured in proton-proton collisions. We obtained these quantities directly from the measured multiplicity distributions and determine the model parameters via fits. We find that the generalized dipole model provides a significantly better description of the data than the 1D Mueller model.
我们研究并比较了 QCD 偶极子级联模型、一维穆勒偶极子模型、它的高能极限以及对具有共形对称性的一维系统的研究得出的概括。为了解决由于实验测量中对快速性范围的不同定义而产生的模糊性，我们提出了作为平均倍率对数函数的熵，$S(\ln\langle n \rangle)$，作为一种通用观测指标。根据模型的解，我们计算了熵和平均带电粒子倍率，并与质子-质子碰撞中测得的数据进行了比较。我们直接从测量到的多重性分布中获得这些量，并通过拟合确定模型参数。我们发现广义偶极子模型对数据的描述明显优于一维穆勒模型。

33. Collins-type fragmentation energy correlator in semi-inclusive deep inelastic lepton-hadron scatteringid:2509.18892:id在线阅读
Qing-Hong Cao, Zhite Yu, C.-P. Yuan, Shutao Zhang, Hua Xing Zhu
We initiate a systematic study of fragmentation energy correlators (FECs), which generalize traditional fragmentation functions and encode non-perturbative information about transverse dynamics in parton fragmentation processes. We define boost-invariant, non-perturbative FECs and derive a corresponding collinear factorization formula. A spin decomposition of the FECs is carried out, analogous to that of transverse-momentum-dependent fragmentation functions. In this work we focus particularly on the Collins-type quark FEC, which is sensitive to chiral symmetry breaking and characterizes the azimuthal asymmetry in the fragmentation of a transversely polarized quark. We perform a next-to-leading-order calculation of the corresponding hard coefficient in semi-inclusive deep-inelastic scattering for the quark non-singlet component, thereby validating the consistency of our theoretical framework.
我们开始系统地研究碎片能量相关器（FECs），它概括了传统的碎片函数，并编码了关于部分子碎片过程中横向动力学的非微扰信息。我们定义了助推不变的非微扰碎片能量相关器，并推导出相应的对偶因式。我们对 FECs 进行了自旋分解，类似于对横向动量相关碎裂函数的分解。在这项工作中，我们特别关注柯林斯型夸克 FEC，它对手性对称性破缺很敏感，表征了横向极化夸克碎片的方位角不对称。我们在半包深弹性散射中对夸克非小卫星分量的相应硬系数进行了次导阶计算，从而验证了我们理论框架的一致性。

34. Perturbative unitarity for models with singlet and doublet scalarsid:2510.02434:id在线阅读
Carolina T. Lopes, André Milagre, João P. Silva
We provide a complete description of unitarity bounds on the gauge-scalar sectors of models with extra $SU(2)$ doublet, neutral singlet, and charged singlet scalars. Such additions are very frequent in models beyond the Standard Model, and, in particular, they are almost universal in models explaining the dark matter problem. We propose a specific classification and minimal set of scattering matrices containing all the relevant information. We also developed a Mathematica implementation of our results, BounDS, and we use it to fully study a number of simple cases, comparing with the literature, when available. The Mathematica notebook BounDS is provided via a public GitHub repository.
我们完整地描述了具有额外的$SU(2)$双t、中性单t和带电单t标量的模型的规标量部门的单一性边界。这种额外的标量在标准模型之外的模型中非常常见，特别是在解释暗物质问题的模型中几乎普遍存在。我们提出了一种特定的分类和包含所有相关信息的最小散射矩阵集。我们还为我们的成果开发了一个 Mathematica 实现--BounDS，我们用它来全面研究一些简单的情况，并与现有文献进行比较。Mathematica 笔记本 BounDS 通过 GitHub 公共仓库提供。

35. Surveying the complex three Higgs doublet model with Machine Learningid:2510.02445:id在线阅读
Rafael Boto, João A. C. Matos, Jorge C. Romão, João P. Silva
The couplings of the 125 GeV Higgs are being measured with higher precision as the Run 3 stage of LHC continues. Models with multiple Higgs doublets allow potential deviations from the SM predictions. For more than two doublets, there are five possible types of models that avoid flavor changing neutral couplings at tree level by the addition of a symmetry. We consider a softly broken Z2xZ2 three-Higgs doublet model with explicit CP violation in the scalar sector, exploring all five possible types of coupling choices and all five mass orderings of the neutral scalar bosons. The phenomenological study is performed using a Machine Learning black box optimization algorithm that efficiently searches for the possibility of large pseudoscalar Yukawa couplings. We identify the model choices that allow a purely pseudoscalar coupling in light of all recent experimental limits, including direct searches for CP-violation, thus motivating increased effort into improving the experimental precision.
随着大型强子对撞机运行 3 阶段的继续，125 GeV 希格斯的耦合正在以更高的精度被测量出来。具有多个希格斯双特的模型有可能偏离 SM 预测。对于两个以上的双特，有五种可能的模型类型，它们通过增加一个对称性来避免树级的味道变化中性耦合。我们考虑了一个软破碎的 Z2xZ2 三希格斯双星模型，它在标量部门具有明确的 CP 违反，探索了所有五种可能的耦合选择和中性标量玻色子的所有五种质量排序。我们使用机器学习黑盒优化算法进行了现象学研究，该算法可以有效地搜索大的伪标量尤卡娃耦合的可能性。我们根据最近所有的实验限制，包括对 CP 破坏的直接搜索，确定了允许纯粹伪标量耦合的模型选择，从而激励我们加大努力提高实验精度。

36. Probing the sign-changeable interaction between dark energy and dark matter with DESI baryon acoustic oscillations and DES supernovae dataid:2501.07361:id在线阅读
Tian-Nuo Li, Guo-Hong Du, Yun-He Li, Peng-Ju Wu, Shang-Jie Jin, Jing-Fei Zhang, Xin Zhang
There is a possibility of interaction between dark energy and dark matter, and this interaction may also undergo a sign change during the evolution of the universe. In this paper, we utilize the latest observational data to constrain models of a sign-changeable interaction. The data we employ, in addition to the cosmic microwave background data, also encompass the first-year baryon acoustic oscillation data from DESI and the type Ia supernova data of the full 5-year observation from DES. To achieve high generality, we investigate four interacting dark energy (IDE) models with different forms of the interaction term $Q$: (i) IDE1 with $Q = \beta(a)H\rho_{\rm de}$; (ii) IDE2 with $Q = \beta(a)H\rho_{\rm c}$; (iii) IDE3 with $Q = \beta(a)H_0\rho_{\rm de}$; (iv) IDE4 with $Q = \beta(a)H_0\rho_{\rm c}$. From the analysis, we observe that $\beta(z) > 0$ at early times and $\beta(z) < 0$ at late times, with the coupling $\beta(z)$ crossing the non-interacting line $\beta(z) = 0$ during cosmic evolution at the 2$\sigma$ confidence level for the IDE1, IDE3, and IDE4 models. However, for the IDE2 model, $\beta(z)$ remains consistently negative and does not cross $\beta(z) = 0$ at the 2$\sigma$ confidence level. Our findings indicate that the energy transfer is from dark matter to dark energy when dark matter dominates the universe, and from dark energy to dark matter when dark energy dominates, for the IDE1 and IDE3 models. Furthermore, Bayesian evidence suggests that the IDE1 and IDE3 models are moderately preferred over the $\Lambda$CDM model. The overall outcomes of this study clearly indicate that, based on current observational data, the sign-changeable IDE models are quite compelling and merit further attention.
暗能量和暗物质之间可能存在相互作用，这种相互作用在宇宙演化过程中也可能发生符号变化。在本文中，我们利用最新的观测数据来约束符号可变的相互作用模型。我们使用的数据除了宇宙微波背景数据外，还包括来自 DESI 的第一年重子声振荡数据和来自 DES 的完整 5 年观测的 Ia 型超新星数据。为了达到较高的通用性，我们研究了四种具有不同形式相互作用项$Q$的相互作用暗能量（IDE）模型：(i) IDE1，Q = \beta(a)H\rrho\{rm de}$；(ii) IDE2，Q = \beta(a)H\rrho\{rm c}$；(iii) IDE3，Q = \beta(a)H_0\rrho\{rm de}$；(iv) IDE4，Q = \beta(a)H_0\rrho\{rm c}$。从分析中我们观察到，在IDE1、IDE3和IDE4模型中，早期为$\beta(z) >0$，晚期为$\beta(z) <0$，在宇宙演化过程中，耦合度$\beta(z)$在2$\sigma$置信水平上越过了非相互作用线$\beta(z) = 0$。然而，对于IDE2模型，$\beta(z)$始终为负值，并且在2$\sigma$置信水平下没有越过$\beta(z) = 0$。我们的研究结果表明，在IDE1和IDE3模型中，当暗物质主导宇宙时，能量转移是从暗物质到暗能量；当暗能量主导宇宙时，能量转移是从暗能量到暗物质。此外，贝叶斯证据表明，与$\Lambda$CDM模型相比，IDE1和IDE3模型具有适度的优越性。这项研究的总体结果清楚地表明，根据目前的观测数据，符号可变的 IDE 模型相当有说服力，值得进一步关注。

37. Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa unitarity deficit reduction via finite nuclear sizeid:2502.17070:id在线阅读
M Gorchtein, V Katyal, B Ohayon, B K Sahoo, CY Seng
We revisit the extraction of the $|V_{ud}|$ CKM matrix element from the superallowed transition decay rate of $^{26m}$Al$\rightarrow$$^{26}$Mg, focusing on finite nuclear size effects. The decay rate dependence on the $^{26m}$Al charge radius is found to be four times higher than previously believed, necessitating precise determination. However, for a short-lived isotope of an odd $Z$ element such as $^{26m}$Al, radius extraction relies on challenging many-body atomic calculations. We performed the needed calculations, finding an excellent agreement with previous ones, which used a different methodology. This sets a new standard for the reliability of isotope shift factor calculations in many-electron systems. The $\mathcal{F}t$ value obtained from our analysis is lower by $2.2\,\sigma$ than the corresponding value in the previous critical survey, resulting in an increase in $|V_{ud}|^2$ by $0.9\,\sigma$. Adopting $|V_{ud}|$ from this decay alone reduces the CKM unitarity deficit by one standard deviation, irrespective of the choice of $|V_{us}|$.
我们从$^{26m}$Al$\rightarrow$$^{26}$Mg的超容许转变衰变率中重新研究了$|V_{ud}|$ CKM矩阵元素的提取，重点是有限核尺寸效应。研究发现衰变速率与 $^{26m}$Al 电荷半径的关系比之前认为的要高四倍，因此有必要进行精确测定。然而，对于像$^{26m}$Al这样的奇$Z$元素的短寿命同位素，半径提取依赖于具有挑战性的多体原子计算。我们进行了所需的计算，发现与之前使用不同方法的计算结果非常一致。这为多电子系统中同位素偏移因子计算的可靠性设定了一个新标准。我们分析得到的 $mathcal{F}t$ 值比之前临界调查的相应值低了 2.2 \,\sigma$，导致 $|V_{ud}|^2$ 增加了 0.9 \,\sigma$。无论选择什么样的 $|V_{us}|$，仅采用这个衰变中的 $|V_{ud}|$，就可以将 CKM 的单一性赤字减少一个标准差。

38. Gravitational waves from low-scale cosmic strings without scalingid:2505.04537:id在线阅读
Kai Schmitz, Tobias Schröder
Cosmic strings are predicted in many extensions of the Standard Model and constitute a plausible source of gravitational waves (GWs) from the early Universe. In a previous article arXiv:2405.10937v2, we pointed out that the GW spectrum from a population of string loops in the scaling regime can exhibit a sharp cutoff frequency associated with the fundamental oscillation mode of string loops. In this paper, we study the effect of particle decay due to kink-kink collisions and cusps on the GW spectrum in the nonscaling scenario introduced in Ref. arXiv:1911.12066. We find analytical conditions for the existence of a cutoff frequency in the fundamental spectrum and provide expressions for this frequency. In large regions of parameter space, our results in the nonscaling model turn out to be identical to those in the scaling model. Finally, we demonstrate how the spectrum changes when transitioning from the regime with a cutoff frequency to the regime without a cutoff frequency. Our analytical estimates are validated at qualitatively different benchmark points by comparing them with numerical spectra.
宇宙弦在标准模型的许多扩展中都得到了预测，并构成了早期宇宙引力波（GWs）的一个可信来源。在之前的一篇文章arXiv:2405.10937v2中，我们指出在缩放机制下，弦环群体的引力波频谱会表现出与弦环基本振荡模式相关的尖锐截止频率。在本文中，我们研究了在 Ref.arXiv:1911.12066.我们找到了基频中存在截止频率的分析条件，并提供了该频率的表达式。在参数空间的大片区域，我们在非缩放模型中的结果与缩放模型中的结果完全相同。最后，我们演示了当从有截止频率的系统过渡到无截止频率的系统时，频谱是如何变化的。通过与数值频谱的比较，我们的分析估计结果在质的不同基准点上得到了验证。

39. Method for high-precision determination of the nucleon axial structure using lattice QCD: Removing $πN$-state contaminationid:2505.06854:id在线阅读
Yasumichi Aoki, Ken-Ichi Ishikawa, Yoshinobu Kuramashi, Shoichi Sasaki, Kohei Sato, Eigo Shintani, Ryutaro Tsuji, Hiromasa Watanabe, Takeshi Yamazaki (for the PACS Collaboration)
We performed a precise calculation of physical quantities related to the axial structure of the nucleon using 2+1 flavor lattice QCD gauge configuration (PACS10 configuration) generated at the physical point with lattice volume larger than $(10\;{\mathrm{fm}})^4$ by the PACS Collaboration. The nucleon matrix element of the axial-vector current has two types of the nucleon form factors, the axial-vector ($F_A$) form factor and the induced pseudoscalar ($F_P$) form factor. Recently lattice QCD simulations have succeeded in reproducing the experimental value of the axial-vector coupling, $g_A$, determined from $F_A(q^2)$ at zero momentum transfer $q^2=0$, at a percent level of statistical accuracy. However, the $F_P$ form factor so far has not reproduced the experimental values well due to strong $\pi N$ excited-state contamination. Therefore, we proposed a simple subtraction method for removing the so-called leading $\pi N$-state contribution, and succeeded in reproducing the values obtained by two experiments of muon capture on the proton and pion electro-production for $F_P(q^2)$. The novel approach can also be applied to the nucleon pseudoscalar matrix element to determine the pseudoscalar ($G_P$) form factor with the help of the axial Ward-Takahashi identity. The resulting form factors, $F_P(q^2)$ and $G_P(q^2)$, are in good agreement with the prediction of the pion-pole dominance model. In the new analysis, the induced pseudoscalar coupling $g_P^\ast$ and the pion-nucleon coupling $g_{\pi NN}$ can be evaluated with a few percent accuracy including systematic uncertainties using existing data calculated at two lattice spacings.
我们利用PACS协作组在物理点生成的、晶格体积大于$(10\;{\mathrm{fm}})^4$的2+1味晶格QCD规整构型（PACS10构型），对核子轴向结构的相关物理量进行了精确计算。轴向矢量电流的核子矩阵元素有两种核子形式因子，即轴向矢量（$F_A$）形式因子和诱导伪量子（$F_P$）形式因子。最近，格子 QCD 模拟成功地再现了在零动量转移 $q^2=0$ 时根据 $F_A(q^2)$确定的轴向矢量耦合 $g_A$ 的实验值，其统计精度达到了百分之百的水平。然而，由于强烈的 $\pi N$ 激发态污染，迄今为止 $F_P$ 形式因子并不能很好地再现实验值。因此，我们提出了一种简单的减法来去除所谓的前导$\pi N$态贡献，并成功地再现了质子和先驱电产μ子俘获两次实验所得到的$F_P(q^2)$值。这种新方法也可以应用于核子伪高子矩阵元素，借助轴向沃德-高桥特性来确定伪高子（$G_P$）的形式因子。得到的形式因子 $F_P(q^2)$ 和 $G_P(q^2)$与先驱-极点优势模型的预言十分吻合。在新的分析中，利用在两种晶格间距下计算的现有数据，可以以百分之几的精度（包括系统不确定性）评估诱导伪星耦合$g_P^\ast$和先驱-核子耦合$g_{\pi NN}$。

40. ECFA Higgs, electroweak, and top Factory Studyid:2506.15390:id在线阅读
H. Abidi, J.A. Aguilar-Saavedra, S. Airen, S. Ajmal, M. Al-Thakeel, G.L. Alberghi, J. Alcaraz Maestre, J. Alimena, S. Alshamaily, J. Altmann, W. Altmannshofer, Y. Amhis, A. Amiri, A. Andreazza, S. Antusch, O. Arnaez, K.A. Assamagan, S. Aumiller, K. Azizi, P. Azzi, P. Azzurri, E. Bagnaschi, Z. Baharyioon, H. Bahl, V. Balagura, D. Barducci, M.J. Basso, P. Bechtle, L. Bellagamba, M. Berggren, G. Bernardi, J. Bhom, L. Biermann, F. Blekman, B. Bliewert, M. Bordone, V. Boudry, D. Boye, I. Bozovic, J. Braathen, J.-C. Brient, G. Brodbek, E. Brost, P. Bruckman, B. Brudnowski, M. Bulliri, E. Bulyak, J.M. Burridge, P.N. Burrows, D. Buttazzo, G. Cacciapaglia, V. Cairo, O. Cakir, A.C. Canbay, F. Canelli, J.M. Carceller, C. Carloni Calame, N.F. Castro, V. Cavaliere, E. Celada, F.G. Celiberto, M. Cepeda, G. Chachamis, M. Chala, C. Charlot, H.-C. Cheng, M. Chiesa, M. Chrzaszcz, W. Chung, M. Cobal, I. Combes, A.E. Connelly, C. Cornella, F. Cornet-Gomez, I. Corredoira, A.J. Costa, T. Critchley, E. Curtis, D. d'Enterria, M. Dam, V. Dao, A. Das, S. Dasu, J. Davighi, J. de Blas, N. De Filippis, A. De Moor, A. De Vita, M.M. Defranchis, C.L. Del Pio, M. Delmastro, H. Denizli, A. Desai, K. Dewyspelaere, M. Di Carlo, S.D. Dittmaier, D. Dobur, A. Dondarini, M. Drewes, B. Dudar
The ECFA Higgs, electroweak, and top Factory Study ran between 2021 and 2025 as a broad effort across the experimental and theoretical particle physics communities, bringing together participants from many different proposed future collider projects. Activities across three main working groups advanced the joint development of tools and analysis techniques, fostered new considerations of detector design and optimisation, and led to a new set of studies resulting in improved projected sensitivities across a wide physics programme. This report demonstrates the significant expansion in the state-of-the-art understanding of the physics potential of future e+e- Higgs, electroweak, and top factories, and has been submitted as input to the 2025 European Strategy for Particle Physics Update.
ECFA希格斯、弱电性和顶层工厂研究在2021年至2025年期间开展，是实验和理论粒子物理学界的一项广泛工作，汇集了来自许多不同的拟议未来对撞机项目的参与者。三个主要工作组的活动推动了工具和分析技术的联合开发，促进了对探测器设计和优化的新考虑，并促成了一系列新的研究，从而提高了广泛物理计划的预测灵敏度。本报告展示了对未来 e+e- 希格斯粒子、电弱粒子和顶级工厂的物理潜力的最新理解的重大扩展，并已作为对《2025 年欧洲粒子物理更新战略》的投入提交。

41. Decaying superfluid turbulence near an anomalous non-thermal fixed pointid:2509.21285:id在线阅读
Niklas Rasch, Thomas Gasenzer
Anomalously slow coarsening in a dilute two-dimensional (2d) superfluid -- associated with a non-thermal fixed point in the closed system's universal dynamics and driven by three-vortex collisions which initiate vortex-pair annihilations -- is found to exhibit spatial scaling characteristics of Kraichnan-Kolmogorov turbulence. During a universal interval, when the characteristic length scale related to the inter-defect distance grows as $\ell_\text{v}\sim t^{\,\beta}$, with $\beta\approx1/5$, moments of the superfluid velocity circulation around an area of extent $r$ scale as predicted by classical turbulence theory, $\Gamma^{p}(r)\sim r^{4p/3}$. Intermittency corrections seen for higher values of $p$ are found to be consistent with values measured for fully developed, classical turbulence. Hence, we link the decaying quantum turbulence cascade in a closed superfluid to universal dynamics close to a non-thermal fixed point. The decay exponent $\beta$ clearly deviates from values known for classical systems.
在稀释的二维（2d）超流体中发现了异常缓慢的粗化现象--这与封闭系统中的一个非热固定点有关，并且是由引发涡对湮灭的三涡碰撞所驱动的--它表现出了克拉伊赫南-科尔莫哥罗夫湍流的空间缩放特征。在一个普遍区间内，当与缺陷间距离相关的特征长度尺度以$\ell_\text{v}\sim t^{\,\beta}$的形式增长时，超流体速度环流的时刻围绕着一个范围为$r$的区域，正如经典湍流理论所预测的那样，$\Gamma^{p}(r)\sim r^{4p/3}$。我们发现，在较高的 $p$ 值下出现的间歇修正与完全发展的经典湍流测量值一致。因此，我们把封闭超流体中衰减的量子湍流级联与接近非热固定点的普遍动力学联系起来。衰变指数 $\beta$ 明显偏离了经典系统的已知值。