AI科研助手
0. A dispersive estimate of the $a_0(980)$ contribution to $(g-2)_\mu$id:2410.12894:id在线阅读
Oleksandra Deineka, Igor Danilkin, Marc Vanderhaeghen
A dispersive implementation of the $a_0(980)$ resonance to $(g-2)_\mu$ requires the knowledge of the double-virtual $S$-wave $\gamma^*\gamma^*\to\pi\eta/ K K(I=1)$ amplitudes. To obtain these amplitudes, we used a modified coupled-channel Muskhelishvili-Omnes formalism, with input from the left-hand cuts and the hadronic Omnes matrix. The latter was derived using a data-driven N/D method, where the hadronic left-hand cuts were approximated via a conformal expansion. Due to the absence of direct hadronic data in the $\pi\eta$ channel, the expansion coefficients were fitted to various experimental data sets on two-photon fusion processes with $\pi\eta$ and $K K$ final states. The resulting dispersive estimate for the $a_0(980)$ contribution to $(g-2)_\mu$ is $a_\mu^{HLbL}[a_0(980)]_{resc.}=-0.43(1)(2)\times 10^{-11}$, which presents an order of magnitude improvement in precision over the narrow resonance approximation.
对 $(g-2)_\mu$ 的 $a_0(980)$ 共振的色散实现需要知道双虚 $S$ 波 $\gamma^*\gamma^*\to\pi\eta/ K K(I=1)$ 振幅。为了获得这些振幅，我们使用了一种改进的耦合信道穆斯凯利什维利-奥姆内斯形式主义，其输入来自左手切和强子奥姆内斯矩阵。后者是通过数据驱动的 N/D 方法得出的，其中强子左手切是通过共形展开近似得出的。由于缺乏$\pi\eta$信道中的直接强子数据，扩展系数被拟合到各种实验数据集中，这些数据集是关于具有$\pi\eta$和$K K$终态的双光子融合过程的。由此得到的对 $(g-2)_\mu$ 的 $a_0(980)$ 贡献的色散估计值是 $a_\mu^{HLbL}[a_0(980)]_{resc.}=-0.43(1)(2)\times 10^{-11}$，这比窄共振近似的精度提高了一个数量级。

1. Leptophilic $Z'$ bosons at the FCC-ee: discovery opportunitiesid:2410.12903:id在线阅读
Rebeca Gonzalez Suarez, Baibhab Pattnaik, José Zurita
We examine the possibility to detect new SM-neutral vector bosons ($Z'$) that couple exclusively to leptons in the electron-positron mode of the Future Circular Collider (FCC-ee). Focusing on the $Z'$ production with a radiated photon search channel, we show that the FCC-ee can significantly extend the unprobed parameter space by increasing the exclusion in the coupling by one to two orders of magnitude in the kinematically allowed mass range (from 10 GeV to 365 GeV), with the leading sensitivity being driven by the muon channel. In doing so, it outperforms other proposed lepton collider options such as CLIC and ILC in this range of masses. Further, we discuss the possibility of improving the sensitivity of the FCC-ee to this model through the modification of the dilepton invariant mass resolution and the photon energy resolution. The impact of systematic uncertainties on the expected sensitivities is also studied.
我们研究了在未来环形对撞机（FCC-ee）的电子-正电子模式中探测完全与轻子耦合的新的SM中性矢量玻色子（$Z'$）的可能性。我们以辐射光子搜索通道产生的$Z'$为重点，表明FCC-ee可以通过在运动学允许的质量范围（从10 GeV到365 GeV）内将耦合中的排斥提高一到两个数量级，从而显著扩展未预测的参数空间，而领先的灵敏度是由μ介子通道驱动的。因此，在这一质量范围内，它的性能优于其他拟议的轻子对撞机方案，如 CLIC 和 ILC。此外，我们还讨论了通过修改二轻子不变质量分辨率和光子能量分辨率来提高 FCC-ee 对这一模型的灵敏度的可能性。我们还研究了系统不确定性对预期灵敏度的影响。

2. Generalised Antenna Functions for Higher-Order Calculationsid:2410.12904:id在线阅读
Elliot Fox, Nigel Glover, Matteo Marcoli
In this paper we discuss the definition, the construction and the implementation of \textit{generalised antenna functions} for final-state radiation up to Next-to-Next-to-Leading Order (NNLO) in QCD. Generalised antenna functions encapsulate the singular behaviour of unresolved emissions when these occur within multiple hard radiators and not just two of them, as for traditional antenna functions. The construction of such objects is possible thanks to the recently proposed algorithm for building \textit{idealised antenna functions} from a target set of infrared limits. Generalised antenna functions bring major simplifications in the assemblage of subtraction terms in the context of the antenna scheme at NNLO and beyond, as well as a substantial computational speedup of higher-order calculations. We discuss in detail the improvements on the formal and practical side for the computation of the NNLO correction to three-jet production at electron-positron colliders, providing a thorough numerical validation of the newly proposed scheme. For this calculation one can expect almost an order of magnitude speedup with respect to the original implementation.
在本文中，我们讨论了用于 QCD 中达到次领先阶（NNLO）的终态辐射的 \textit{广义天线函数}的定义、构造和实现。广义天线函数囊括了未解决辐射的奇异行为，当这些行为发生在多个硬辐射器内，而不是像传统天线函数那样只发生在两个硬辐射器内时。由于最近提出的从红外极限目标集构建textit{理想化天线函数}的算法，这种对象的构建成为可能。广义天线函数大大简化了在 NNLO 及以上天线方案背景下的减项组合，并大大加快了高阶计算速度。我们详细讨论了在电子-正电子对撞机上计算三喷流产生的 NNLO 修正在形式和实际方面的改进，为新提出的方案提供了全面的数值验证。对于这种计算，我们可以预期，与最初的实现相比，速度几乎会提高一个数量级。

3. Effects of threshold resummation for large-$x$ PDF in large momentum effective theoryid:2410.12910:id在线阅读
Xiangdong Ji, Yizhuang Liu, Yushan Su, Rui Zhang
Parton distribution functions (PDFs) at large $x$ are challenging to extract from experimental data, yet they are essential for understanding hadron structure and searching for new physics beyond the Standard Model. Within the framework of the large momentum $P^z$ expansion of lattice quasi-PDFs, we investigate large $x$ PDFs, where the matching coefficient is factorized into the hard kernel, related to the active quark momentum $x P^z$, and the threshold soft function, associated with the spectator momentum $(1-x) P^z$. The renormalization group equation of the soft function enables the resummation of the threshold double logarithms $\alpha^{k} \ln^{2k-1}(1-x)$, which is crucial for a reliable and controllable calculation of large $x$ PDFs. Our analysis with pion valence PDFs indicates that perturbative matching breaks down when the spectator momentum $(1-x)P^z$ approaches $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$, but remains valid when both $x P^z$ and $(1-x)P^z$ are much larger than $\Lambda_{\rm QCD}$. Additionally, we incorporate leading renormalon resummation within the threshold framework, demonstrating good perturbative convergence in the region where both spectator and active quark momenta are perturbative scales.
从实验数据中提取大x$的粒子分布函数（PDFs）具有挑战性，但它们对于理解强子结构和寻找标准模型之外的新物理至关重要。在晶格准粒子分布函数的大动量 $P^z$ 扩展框架内，我们研究了大 $x$ 的粒子分布函数，其中匹配系数被因子化为与活跃夸克动量 $x P^z$ 相关的硬核和与旁观者动量 $(1-x) P^z$ 相关的阈值软函数。软函数的重正化群方程使得阈值双对数 $\alpha^{k} 的求和成为可能。\ln^{2k-1}(1-x)$，这对于可靠、可控地计算大$x$ PDF至关重要。我们对先驱价PDF的分析表明，当旁观者动量$(1-x)P^z$接近$\Lambda_\rm QCD}$时，微扰匹配会失效，但当$x P^z$和$(1-x)P^z$都远大于$\Lambda_\rm QCD}$时，微扰匹配仍然有效。此外，我们在阈值框架内纳入了前沿重正则子重和，在旁观者和活跃夸克矩都是扰动尺度的区域内证明了良好的扰动收敛性。

4. General Mass treatment for Z boson production in association with a heavy quark at hadron collidersid:2410.13044:id在线阅读
Marco Guzzi, Pavel Nadolsky, Laura Reina, Doreen Wackeroth, Keping Xie
We present the application of the ACOT and S-ACOT general mass variable flavor number schemes to proton-proton collisions with particular attention to the production of final states with at least one heavy quark. Subtraction and residual heavy-quark parton distribution functions are introduced to facilitate the implementation of this scheme at higher orders in perturbative QCD. The calculation of Z-boson hadronic production with at least one $b$ jet beyond the lowest order in QCD is considered for illustration purposes.
我们介绍了 ACOT 和 S-ACOT 一般质量可变味道数方案在质子-质子对撞中的应用，特别关注至少有一个重夸克的最终态的产生。我们引入了减法和残余重夸克粒子分布函数，以方便在微扰 QCD 的更高阶中实施这一方案。为说明起见，还考虑了在 QCD 最低阶之外计算至少有一个 $b$ 喷射的 Z 粒子强子产生。

5. Sketching pion and proton mass distributionsid:2410.13068:id在线阅读
Xiaobin Wang, Zanbin Xing, Lei Chang, Minghui Ding, Khépani Raya, Craig D. Roberts
A light-front holographic model is used to illustrate an algebraic scheme for constructing a representation of a hadron's zero-skewness generalised parton distribution (GPD) from its valence-quark distribution function (DF) and electromagnetic form factor, $F_H$, without reference to deeply virtual Compton scattering data. The hadron's mass distribution gravitational form factor, $A_H$, calculated from this GPD is harder than $F_H$; and, for each hadron, the associated mass-density profile is more compact than the analogous charge profile, with each pion near-core density being larger than that of its proton partner. These features are independent of the scheme employed.
我们使用光前全息模型来说明一种代数方案，该方案可根据强子的价夸克分布函数（DF）和电磁形式因子（$F_H$）构建零偏斜广义粒子分布（GPD）的表示形式，而无需参考深度虚拟康普顿散射数据。根据这个 GPD 计算出的强子质量分布引力形式因子 $A_H$ 比 $F_H$ 更难；而且，对每个强子来说，相关的质量密度曲线比类似的电荷曲线更紧凑，每个先驱的近核密度都大于其质子伙伴的近核密度。这些特征与所采用的方案无关。

6. Triple gauge coupling analysis using boosted $W$'s and $Z$'sid:2410.13072:id在线阅读
O. J. P. Éboli, Tathagata Ghosh, Matheus Martines, Sujay Shil
We analyze the Large Hadron Collider potential to study triple couplings of the electroweak gauge bosons using their boosted hadronic decays. Deviations from Standard Model predictions spoil cancelations present in the Standard Model leading to the growth of the electroweak diboson production cross section at high center-of-mass energies. In this kinematical limit, $W$'s and $Z$'s are highly boosted, and consequently, their hadronic decays give rise to fat jets. Here, we show that the study of boosted hadronically decaying $W$ and $Z$ leads to limits on triple gauge couplings that are comparable to the ones originating from the leptonic decay channels.
我们分析了大型强子对撞机的潜力，利用它们的助推强子衰变来研究电弱规玻色子的三重耦合。与标准模型预测的偏差破坏了标准模型中存在的抵消，导致电弱二玻色子产生截面在高质心能量下的增长。在这一运动极限中，$W$'s 和 $Z$'s被高度提升，因此，它们的强子衰变产生了胖射流。在这里，我们展示了对被助推的强子衰变 $W$ 和 $Z$ 的研究导致了对三重规耦合的限制，这些限制与来自轻子衰变通道的限制相当。

7. Detectability of accretion-induced bosenovae in the Milky Wayid:2410.13082:id在线阅读
Dennis Maseizik, Joshua Eby, Hyeonseok Seong, Günter Sigl
We estimate collapse rates of axion stars in our galaxy based on the axion minicluster mass function of the Milky Way dark matter halo. We consider axion-like particles with different temperature evolution of the axion mass, including the QCD axion with $m_a=50\,\mu$eV. Combining estimates for the present-day axion star mass function from our previous work with the axion star accretion model predicted by self-similar growth, we can infer the expected number of bosenovae occurring within the Milky Way. Our estimates suggest that for an observation time of $t_\mathrm{obs}=1\,$yr, the majority of the up to $\sim 10^{13}$ bosenovae per galaxy occur in the densest miniclusters with initial overdensity parameter $\Phi\lesssim 10^4$. We discuss the detectability of such recurring axion bursts within our galactic vicinity and find that, for models with derivative couplings including axion-fermion interactions, potential broadband axion DM experiments can probe a large range of ALP masses $m_a\lesssim 10^{-6}\,$eV and with moderate improvements even the QCD axion case. For axions with non-derivative-type interactions like the axion-photon coupling, our analysis suggests that optimistic predictions with order-one dark matter abundance of axion stars $f_\star \sim 1$ can be probed by dedicated burst searches.
我们根据银河系暗物质晕的轴心小团质量函数来估计银河系中轴心星的坍缩率。我们考虑了具有不同轴心质量温度演化的类轴心粒子，包括具有$m_a=50\,\mu$eV的QCD轴心。结合我们之前工作中对现今轴心星质量函数的估算和自相似增长所预测的轴心星吸积模型，我们可以推断出银河系内发生的波森新星的预期数量。我们的估计结果表明，在观测时间为$t_\mathrm{obs}=1\,$year的情况下，每个星系中大多数高达$\sim 10^{13}$的玻森卫发生在初始密度参数为$\Phi\lesssim 10^4$的最密集的小星系团中。我们讨论了这种在银河系附近反复出现的轴子爆发的可探测性，并发现对于具有包括轴子-费米子相互作用在内的导数耦合的模型，潜在的宽带轴子DM实验可以探测到很大范围的ALP质量$m_a\lesssim 10^{-6}\,$eV，甚至对QCD轴子情况也有适度的改进。对于像轴子-光子耦合这样具有非衍生型相互作用的轴子，我们的分析表明，可以通过专门的爆发搜索来探测具有一阶暗物质丰度的轴子星$f_star \sim 1$的乐观预测。

8. The Theoretical Study of $\Sigma^{+} p \to\Lambda a_0^{+} p$ Reactionid:2410.13207:id在线阅读
Yan Dai, Aojia Xu, Gang Li, Mao Song, Xuan Luo
We conducted a theoretical study on the process $\Sigma^{+} p \to\Lambda a_0^{+} p$ based on an effective Lagrangian approach. This model encompasses the excitation of intermediate states leading to the production of $\Delta(1920)$ through $\pi^{+}$ and $K^{+}$ meson exchanges between the initial $\Sigma^{+}$ baryon and the initial proton $p$, as well as the generation of $\Delta(1940)$ via $\pi^{+}$ and $\rho^{+}$ meson exchanges. We provide predictions for the total and differential cross sections and discuss the potential impacts of cutoff parameters, off-shell effects, and branching ratios on the $\Delta^{\ast} \to a_0 p$ decay. Given the dominance of $\Delta(1940)$ in the region close to the reaction threshold, this reaction is considered an ideal platform for deeply exploring the unique properties of the $\Delta(1940)$ resonance. Through this approach, we can gain a more precise understanding of the intrinsic characteristics of this particle.
我们基于有效拉格朗日方法对 $\Sigma^{+} p \to\Lambda a_0^{+} p$ 过程进行了理论研究。这个模型包含了通过初始 $\Sigma^{+}$ 重子和初始质子 $p$ 之间的 $\pi^{+}$ 和 $K^{+}$ 介子交换激发中间态从而产生 $\Delta(1920)$ 的过程，以及通过 $\pi^{+}$ 和 $\rho^{+}$ 介子交换产生 $\Delta(1940)$ 的过程。我们提供了总截面和差分截面的预测，并讨论了截止参数、壳外效应和分支比对 $\Delta^{\ast}\to a_0 p$ 衰变的潜在影响。鉴于$\Delta(1940)$在接近反应阈值的区域占主导地位，这个反应被认为是深入探索$\Delta(1940)$共振独特性质的理想平台。通过这种方法，我们可以更精确地了解这种粒子的内在特性。

9. Twist-3 contribution in the Drell-Yan process with tensor-polarized deuteronid:2410.13225:id在线阅读
Si-Yi Qiao, Qin-Tao Song
The tensor-polarized structures of the deuteron can be probed through the proton-deuteron Drell-Yan process, where the proton is unpolarized and the deuteron is tensor-polarized. This measurement will be conducted at Fermilab in the near future. In this reaction, the twist-3 contribution is not negligible compared to the twist-2 contribution due to the limited invariant mass of the dilepton pair. We calculate the twist-3 contribution for the Drell-Yan cross section with a tensor-polarized deuteron target, preserving the U(1)-gauge invariance of the hadronic tensor. The cross sections and weighted cross sections are expressed in terms of the tensor-polarized parton distribution functions (PDFs), thus one can extract the PDFs $f_{1\scriptscriptstyle{LL}}$, $f_{\scriptscriptstyle{LT}}$, and $f^{(1)}_{\scriptscriptstyle{1LT}}$ from the experimental measurements of Drell-Yan process. Our study should be helpful to solve the puzzle in the tensor-polarized structures of the deuteron.
氘核的张量极化结构可以通过质子-氘核的德雷尔-扬过程来探测，在这个过程中，质子是非极化的，而氘核是张量极化的。这一测量将于近期在费米实验室进行。在这一反应中，由于二轻子对的不变质量有限，扭转-3 的贡献与扭转-2 的贡献相比不可忽略。我们用一个张量极化的氘核靶计算了德雷尔-杨截面的扭转-3贡献，同时保留了强子张量的U(1)量纲不变性。截面和加权截面用张量极化的粒子分布函数（PDFs）来表示，因此我们可以从德雷尔-扬过程的实验测量中提取PDFs $f_{1scriptscriptstyle{LL}}$、$f_{scriptscriptscriptstyle{LT}}$和$f^{(1)}_{scriptscriptscriptstyle{1LT}}$。我们的研究应该有助于解决氘核张量极化结构的难题。

10. Heavy-light quark systems from the QCD instanton vacuum: $N_f=1$ light flavor caseid:2410.13279:id在线阅读
Ki-Hoon Hong, Hyun-Chul Kim, M. M. Musakhanov, N. Rakhimov
We investigate heavy-light quark systems within the framework of the QCD instanton vacuum, focusing on the $N_f = 1$ light flavor case. We derive an effective heavy-light quark interaction from the low-energy QCD partition function and construct a heavy-meson effective Lagrangian. The physical residual mass of heavy mesons, $\Lambda$, is determined by employing compositeness and normalization conditions. We calculate the masses of $D$ and $B$ mesons and their weak decay constants to the leading order and next-to-leading order in the $1/m_Q$ expansion. The current results for $f_D$ and $f_B$ are in good agreement with recent lattice QCD data and PDG average values.
我们在 QCD 瞬子真空的框架内研究重轻夸克系统，重点是 $N_f = 1$ 轻味情况。我们从低能 QCD 分区函数推导出有效的重轻夸克相互作用，并构建了重介子有效拉格朗日。重介子的物理剩余质量$\Lambda$是通过使用合成和归一化条件确定的。我们计算了 $D$ 和 $B$ 介子的质量及其弱衰变常数，在 1/m_Q$ 扩展中达到了领先阶和次领先阶。目前的 $f_D$ 和 $f_B$ 结果与最近的格子 QCD 数据和 PDG 平均值非常吻合。

11. Confined but chirally and chiral spin symmetric hot matterid:2410.13297:id在线阅读
L. Ya. Glozman, A. V. Nefediev, R. F. Wagenbrunn
We investigate properties of the quark--antiquark mesons at zero and finite temperature in the framework of a solvable chirally symmetric quark model with linear confining potential. The interquark interaction in the model is reminiscent of that derived in Coulomb gauge QCD, with the string tension being the only model parameter. We demonstrate that while the confining interaction induces spontaneous breaking of chiral symmetry at T=0, chiral symmetry gets restored at a temperature Tch ~ 90 MeV for the string tension fixed to provide the phenomenological value of the quark condensate. This temperature is similar to Tch ~ 130 MeV observed on the lattice in the chiral limit for N_c=3. The physical mechanism responsible for the chiral symmetry restoration in the confining regime is Pauli blocking of the quark levels, required for the existence of a nonvanishing quark condensate, by the thermal excitations of the quarks and antiquarks. Thus, above the chiral restoration temperature, the meson-like states are chirally symmetric and approximately chiral spin symmetric. A crucial property of the confined meson-like light-light states above Tch is their size that exceeds drastically that in the chirally broken phase below Tch, in contrast to the heavy-heavy mesons that nearly preserve their size irrespective of the temperature. This property is a result of Pauli blocking of the quark and antiquark levels with small momenta. Furthermore, the root-mean-square radius of the states with J=0,1 diverges in the chiral limit. This unexpected property must be a key to understanding unusual features of the hot QCD matter as observed at RHIC and LHC. Consequently, the confining but chirally symmetric matter above Tch can be considered as a dense system of very large and strongly overlapping meson-like states (``strings'').
我们在具有线性约束势的可求解啁啾对称夸克模型框架内研究了零温和有限温度下夸克-反夸克介子的性质。模型中的夸克间相互作用与库仑规 QCD 中的相互作用相似，弦张力是唯一的模型参数。我们证明，当约束相互作用在 T=0 时引起手性对称性的自发破缺时，手性对称性会在温度 Tch ~ 90 MeV 时得到恢复，此时弦张力被固定以提供夸克凝聚态的现象学值。这个温度类似于在 N_c=3 的手性极限中晶格上观测到的 Tch ~ 130 MeV。在约束机制中导致手性对称性恢复的物理机制是夸克和反夸克的热激发对夸克水平的保利阻滞，这是非消失夸克凝聚态存在的必要条件。因此，在手性恢复温度之上，介子样态是手性对称的，近似手性自旋对称。介子类轻重态在 Tch 以上的一个关键特性是，它们的尺寸大大超过了 Tch 以下手性破缺阶段的尺寸，而重介子则与之相反，无论温度高低，它们的尺寸几乎保持不变。这一特性是小矩量的夸克和反夸克级的保利阻塞的结果。此外，J=0,1 状态的均方根半径在手性极限中发散。这一意想不到的特性必定是理解在 RHIC 和 LHC 上观测到的热 QCD 物质异常特征的关键。因此，Tch 以上的限制性但手性对称的物质可以被看作是一个由非常大的、强烈重叠的介子样态（"弦''）组成的致密系统。

12. Precision tests of third-generation four-quark operators: matching SMEFT to LEFTid:2410.13304:id在线阅读
Ulrich Haisch, Luc Schnell
We present the one- and two-loop matching between the Standard Model effective field theory (SMEFT) and the low-energy effective field theory (LEFT), focusing on the contributions of third-generation four-quark operators that impact electroweak precision measurements and flavour physics observables. Our results provide a crucial ingredient for a model-independent analysis of constraints on beyond the Standard Model physics that primarily affects the sector of third-generation four-quark operators. Concise analytic expressions are provided for all considered precision observables, which should facilitate their inclusion into global SMEFT analyses.
我们介绍了标准模型有效场论（SMEFT）和低能有效场论（LEFT）之间的一环和二环匹配，重点是第三代四夸克算子对电弱精确测量和味道物理观测指标的贡献。我们的研究结果为独立于模型的标准模型物理约束分析提供了关键要素，而标准模型物理约束主要影响第三代四夸克算子部门。我们为所有考虑的精确观测指标提供了简明的分析表达式，这将有助于把它们纳入全局 SMEFT 分析。

13. Problems of dark atom cosmologyid:2410.13424:id在线阅读
V. A. Beylin, M. Yu. Khlopov, D. O. Sopin
The dark atoms $XHe$ are the composite Thomson like atomic dark matter candidates. We address two cosmological problems of this model. The excess of new superheavy particles with even negative charge $X^{-2n}$ over the corresponding antiparticles is balanced by sphaleron transitions with baryon asymmetry and the mass range of $X$ particles should be specified at which this excess can provide dominance of dark atoms in the dark matter density. The other problem is possible capture of light nuclei by dark atoms, which can lead to formation of anomalous isotopes. The possibility of formation of multi dark atom systems at the nucleosynthesis stage is also studied. We approach these open questions of dark atom cosmology in the present work.
暗原子$XHe$是类似原子暗物质候选物的复合汤姆逊。我们讨论了这个模型的两个宇宙学问题。具有偶数负电荷的新超重粒子$X^{-2n}$超过相应的反粒子，通过具有重子不对称性的sphaleron跃迁来平衡，并且应该指定$X$粒子的质量范围，在这个范围内，这种过量可以提供暗原子在暗物质密度中的主导地位。另一个问题是暗原子可能俘获轻原子核，这可能导致异常同位素的形成。我们还研究了在核合成阶段形成多暗原子系统的可能性。我们将在本研究中探讨这些暗原子宇宙学的未决问题。

14. Heavy-light Pseudoscalar Mesons: Light-Front Wave Functions and Generalized Parton Distributionsid:2410.13442:id在线阅读
B. Almeida-Zamora, J.J. Cobos-Martínez, A. Bashir, K. Raya, J. Rodríguez-Quintero, J. Segovia
The internal structure of the lowest-lying pseudo-scalar mesons with heavy-light quark content is thoroughly studied using an algebraic model that has been successfully applied to similar physical observables of pseudoscalar and vector mesons with hidden-flavor quark content, ranging from light to heavy quark sectors. This model is based on constructing simple and evidence-based ansätze for the mesons' Bethe-Salpeter amplitude (BSA) and quark propagator, allowing the Bethe-Salpeter wave function (BSWF) to be computed algebraically. Its projection onto the light front yields the corresponding light-front wave function (LFWF), which provides easy access to the valence-quark Parton Distribution Amplitude (PDA) by integrating over the transverse momentum squared. We leverage our current knowledge of the PDAs of the lowest-lying pseudo-scalar heavy-light mesons to compute their Generalized Parton Distributions (GPDs) via the overlap representation of the LFWFs. From this three-dimensional information, various limits and projections allow us to deduce the related Parton Distribution Functions (PDFs), Electromagnetic Form Factors (EFFs), and Impact Parameter Space GPDs (IPS-GPDs). Whenever possible, we make explicit comparisons with available experimental results and previous theoretical predictions.
这个代数模型已经成功地应用于从轻夸克到重夸克扇区的具有隐味夸克含量的伪高斯介子和矢量介子的类似物理观测指标。这个模型的基础是为介子的贝特-萨尔佩特振幅（BSA）和夸克传播者构建简单的、基于证据的答案，从而可以代数地计算出贝特-萨尔佩特波函数（BSWF）。它在光前的投影产生了相应的光前波函数（LFWF），通过对横动量平方进行积分，可以轻松获得价夸克偏子分布振幅（PDA）。我们利用目前对最底层伪标量重轻介子偏子分布振幅的了解，通过 LFWF 的重叠表示来计算它们的广义偏子分布（GPD）。从这些三维信息中，通过各种限制和投影，我们可以推导出相关的粒子分布函数（PDF）、电磁形式因子（EFF）和影响参数空间 GPD（IPS-GPD）。在可能的情况下，我们会与现有的实验结果和之前的理论预测进行明确的比较。

15. Reply to Comment on "Neutrino oscillations originate from virtual excitation of Z bosons" and "Neutrinos produced from $\beta$ decays of neutrons cannot be in coherent superpositions of different mass eigenstates"id:2410.13475:id在线阅读
Shi-Biao Zheng
In this reply, I point out that the comment by Cline (arXiv:2410.05826) on my manuscripts (arXiv:2407.00954 and arXiv:2410.03133) has overlooked the critical fact that the quantum entanglement between the neutrino's mass and other degrees of freedom would destroy the quantum coherence between the mass eigenstates.
在这一答复中，我指出克莱因（arXiv:2410.05826）对我的手稿（arXiv:2407.00954 和 arXiv:2410.03133）忽略了一个关键事实，即中微子质量与其他自由度之间的量子纠缠会破坏质量特征态之间的量子相干性。

16. Proton internal pressure from deeply virtual Compton scattering on collider kinematicsid:2410.13518:id在线阅读
Hervé Dutrieux, Thibaud Meisgny, Cédric Mezrag, Hervé Moutarde
The unique experimental connection to the QCD energy-momentum tensor offered by generalised parton distributions has been strongly highlighted in the past few years with attempts to extract the pressure and shear forces distributions within the nucleon. If, in principle, this can be performed in a model independent way from experimental data, in practice, the current limited precision and kinematic coverage make such an extraction very challenging. Moreover, the limitation to a leading-order description in the strong coupling of the data has provided only an indirect and weakly sensitive access to gluon degrees of freedoms, solely through their mixing to quarks via evolution. In this paper we address this issue by pro viding a next-to-leading order formalism allowing a reanalysis of global fits with genuine gluonic degrees of freedom. In addition, we provide an estimate of the reduction in uncertainty that could stem from the extended kinematic range relevant for the future Electron Ion Collider. Finally, we stress the connection between the analysis of the dispersion relation in terms of generalised parton distributions and the deconvolution problem.
广义粒子分布与 QCD 能量-动量张量之间的独特实验联系在过去几年中通过提取核子内部压力和剪切力分布的尝试得到了大力强调。如果说原则上这可以通过独立于模型的方式从实验数据中提取出来，那么在实践中，目前有限的精度和运动学覆盖范围使得这种提取非常具有挑战性。此外，由于数据的强耦合仅限于前沿阶描述，因此只能通过它们与夸克的混合演化来间接地、弱敏感地获取胶子的自由度。在本文中，我们通过提供一种次前沿形式主义来解决这个问题，这种形式主义允许用真正的胶子自由度来重新分析全局拟合。此外，我们还估算了与未来电子离子对撞机相关的扩展运动学范围可能带来的不确定性降低。最后，我们强调了从广义粒子分布角度分析色散关系与解卷积问题之间的联系。

17. Magnetic moments of $\frac{1}{2}^-$ baryon resonances in hot and dense strange hadronic matterid:2410.13538:id在线阅读
Abhinaba Upadhyay, Arvind Kumar, Harleen Dahiya, Suneel Dutt
This work comprises the calculations of magnetic moments of $\frac{1}{2}^-$ baryon resonances in the presence of hot and dense hadronic matter. Using the chiral $SU(3)$ quark mean field model, we have taken into account the impact on in-medium scalar meson fields to investigate the density effects on the in-medium baryon masses and their constituent quarks. In light of chiral constituent quark model $\chi$CQM, we have calculated the magnetic moments of $\frac{1}{2}^-$ baryon resonances and scrutinized the explicit contributions coming from the valence quarks, sea quarks and the orbital angular momentum of sea quarks. The effective baryonic magnetic moments have been investigated for the varying values of isospin asymmetry and strangeness fraction.
这项工作包括计算热和高密度强子物质存在时$\frac{1}{2}^-$重子共振的磁矩。利用手性$SU(3)$夸克均场模型，我们考虑了中间标量介子场的影响，研究了密度对中间重子质量及其组成夸克的影响。根据手性组成夸克模型$\chi$CQM，我们计算了$\frac{1}{2}^-$重子共振的磁矩，并仔细研究了来自价夸克、海夸克和海夸克轨道角动量的显式贡献。研究了不同等空不对称值和陌生化分数下的重子有效磁矩。

18. Probing Type-I 2HDM light Higgs in the top-pair-associated diphoton channelid:2410.13636:id在线阅读
Yabo Dong, Kun Wang, Jingya Zhu
In this study, we investigate the Type-I Two-Higgs-Doublet Model (2HDM-I) as a potential explanation for the 95 GeV diphoton excess reported at the LHC and assess the feasibility of discovering a 95 GeV Higgs boson at future hadron colliders. With the dependence of Higgs boson couplings and decay branching ratios on model parameters, we identify regions of the parameter space that are consistent with current theoretical and experimental constraints. Our analysis shows that the direct Higgs search data strongly constrain the Higgs-mixing angle parameter $\alpha$, samples with $-0.9 \lesssim \alpha \lesssim 1.3$ are excluded. Subsequent collider simulations focus on the $pp \to t(\to W^+b)\bar{t}(\to W^-\bar{b})h(\to \gamma\gamma)$ process and its relevant backgrounds. These simulations show that at the 14 TeV High-Luminosity LHC (HL-LHC), statistical significances of $2\sigma$ and $5\sigma$ can be achieved at integrated luminosities of 113 fb$^{-1}$ and 706 fb$^{-1}$, respectively. Comparable statistical significance can be achieved more efficiently at the 27 TeV High-Energy LHC (HE-LHC) with $L=56\ \text{fb}^{-1}$ and $L=352\ \text{fb}^{-1}$, and at the 100 TeV Future Circular Collider (FCC-hh) with $L=5.6\ \text{fb}^{-1}$ and $L=35\ \text{fb}^{-1}$. However, comprehensive coverage of the parameter range $-1.4 \lesssim \alpha \lesssim -1$ at the $2\sigma$ level by the diphoton channel remains challenging, even with increased collision energy or integrated luminosity.
在本研究中，我们研究了 I 型双希格斯双子模型（2HDM-I）作为 LHC 报告的 95 GeV 双光子过量的潜在解释，并评估了在未来强子对撞机上发现 95 GeV 希格斯玻色子的可行性。通过希格斯玻色子耦合和衰变分支率对模型参数的依赖，我们确定了与当前理论和实验约束相一致的参数空间区域。我们的分析表明，直接的希格斯搜索数据强烈地约束了希格斯混合角参数$\alpha$，$-0.9 \lesssim \alpha \lesssim 1.3$的样本被排除在外。随后的对撞机模拟集中于$pp \to t(\to W^+b)\bar{t}(\to W^-\bar{b})h(\to \gamma\gamma)$ 过程及其相关背景。这些模拟结果表明，在14 TeV高亮度大型强子对撞机（HL-LHC）上，当综合光度分别为113 fb$^{-1}$和706 fb$^{-1}$时，可以达到2美元（sigma$）和5美元（sigma$）的统计意义。在27 TeV高能量大型强子对撞机（HE-LHC）上，L=56 \text{fb}^{-1}$和L=352 \text{fb}^{-1}$，以及在100 TeV未来环形对撞机（FCC-hh）上，L=5.6 \text{fb}^{-1}$和L=35 \text{fb}^{-1}$，可以更有效地达到类似的统计意义。然而，即使增加对撞能量或综合光度，双光子信道在2\sigma$水平上全面覆盖$-1.4 \lesssim \alpha \lesssim -1$ 的参数范围仍然具有挑战性。

19. Neutralino dark matter in the extension of MSSM with two triplets and singletid:2410.13659:id在线阅读
Zhong-Jun Yang, Jin-Lei Yang, Shu-Min Zhao, Xing-Gang Wu, Tai-Fu Feng
In an extension of MSSM with two triplets and a singlet, called the TNMSSM, there are seven neutralinos which can enrich the study of cold dark matter if one expects that the weakly interacting massive particle (WIMP) is responsible for the observation of Planck satellite. Such a model, compared to the MSSM, can naturally offer a solution to the $\mu$ problem, and its lightest neutralino, which is bino-like, can also provide a correct relic density by using the coannihilation mechanism due to the newly added triplinos. Taking into account the related experimental measurements, such as the bound on the SM-like Higgs mass, the $B$ meson rare decays, the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon $a_\mu$, the Large Hadron Collider (LHC) measurements and the latest dark matter direct detection experiment LUX-ZEPLIN (LZ), the TNMSSM parameter space can be strictly limited. In respect to all the constraints mentioned above, we find that a bino-like neutralino with a mass in the region $[100, 450]~\rm{GeV}$ can successfully account for the correct dark matter relic density. Additionally, most of the viable parameter space can be tested in the near future experiments such as the Xenon-nT experiment or LHC.
在MSSM的一个扩展模型中，有两个三微子和一个单微子，称为TNMSSM，其中有七个中微子，如果人们期望弱相互作用大质量粒子（WIMP）是普朗克卫星观测的原因，那么它可以丰富对冷暗物质的研究。与MSSM相比，这样的模型自然可以提供$\mu$问题的解决方案，而且其最轻的中微子--类双星中微子--也可以利用新加入的三联微子导致的共湮灭机制提供正确的遗迹密度。考虑到相关的实验测量，如类似SM的希格斯质量的约束、B介子的稀有衰变、μ介子的反常磁矩$a_\mu$、大型强子对撞机（LHC）的测量和最新的暗物质直接探测实验LUX-ZEPLIN（LZ），TNMSSM的参数空间可以被严格限制。针对上述所有约束，我们发现质量在$[100, 450]~\rm{GeV}$区域的类双星中微子可以成功地解释正确的暗物质遗迹密度。此外，大部分可行的参数空间都可以在不久的将来的实验中得到检验，比如氙-nT 实验或大型强子对撞机。

20. The Affleck-Dine Curvatonid:2410.13712:id在线阅读
Aurora Ireland, Gordan Krnjaic, Takuya Okawa
The Standard Model of particle physics does not explain the origin of the universe's baryon asymmetry or its primordial fluctuations. The Affleck-Dine mechanism is a well-motivated scenario for generating the baryon asymmetry through the post-inflationary dynamics of a complex scalar field with baryon number. The curvaton mechanism is a popular approach for producing curvature perturbations through the dynamics of a light spectator field which decays after inflation. We demonstrate that the same complex field can viably perform both roles without any modifications to the minimal realization of Affleck-Dine baryogenesis. This scenario can also accommodate appreciable levels of primordial non-Gaussianity, beyond those achievable with only a real-valued curvaton field, and may be observable with future CMB experiments.
粒子物理学标准模型无法解释宇宙重子不对称性及其原始波动的起源。阿弗莱克-丁机制是通过具有重子数的复杂标量场的胀大后动力学产生重子不对称的一个理由充分的方案。曲率扰动机制是一种流行的方法，它通过膨胀后衰减的轻旁观者场的动力学来产生曲率扰动。我们证明，同一个复杂场可以同时扮演这两种角色，而不需要对阿弗莱克-戴因重力发生的最小实现进行任何修改。这种情景还可以容纳可观的原始非高斯性水平，超出了仅用实值曲场所能达到的水平，并可能在未来的 CMB 实验中被观测到。

21. A Simple Parametrisation of the Pion Form Factorid:2410.13764:id在线阅读
Matthew Kirk, Bastian Kubis, Méril Reboud, Danny van Dyk
We discuss a novel and simple parametrisation of the pion vector form factor that transparently connects spacelike and timelike regions of the momentum transfer $q^2$. Our parametrisation employs the framework of conformal mapping and respects the known analyticity properties of the form factor, accounting explicitly for the $\rho(770)$-meson pole. The parametrisation manifestly fulfils the normalisation condition at $q^2 = 0$ as well as further restrictions at the pion production threshold and in the limit $|q^2| \to \infty$. In contrast to the widely used Omnès parametrisation, our approach does not use the pion-pion scattering phase shift as input. We confront the parametrisation with experimental data from $\pi H$ scattering and $\tau^- \to \pi^-\pi^0\nu$ decay. We already find a good description of the data with only five free parameters, which include the pole mass and decay width of the $\rho(770)$.
我们讨论了先驱矢量形式因子的一种新颖而简单的参数化，它透明地连接了动量传递 $q^2$ 的空间和时间区域。我们的参数化采用了共形映射的框架，并尊重形式因子的已知解析特性，明确地考虑到了\rho(770)＄介子极。参数化显然满足了在$q^2 = 0$时的归一化条件，以及在先驱产生阈值和极限$|q^2| \to \infty$时的进一步限制。与广泛使用的奥姆尼斯参数化不同，我们的方法不使用先驱-离子散射相移作为输入。我们用$\pi H$ 散射和$\tau^- \to \pi^-\pi^0\nu$衰变的实验数据来检验参数化。我们发现仅用五个自由参数就能很好地描述这些数据，其中包括极点质量和 $\rho(770)$ 衰变宽度。

22. Recoil corrections and possible $D'_{1}D'_{1}$, $D'_{1} \bar D'_{1} $, $B'_{1}B'_{1}$ and $B'_{1} \bar B'_{1} $ molecular statesid:2410.13775:id在线阅读
Xiao Chen, Li Ma
Recoil correction appears at $O(\frac{1}{M})$, which turns out to be very essential for the hadronic molecules with heavy flavor. In the past, we always thought that the recoil corrections were unfavorable to the formation of the molecular states, but our research reveals its importance to form the di-hadron bound states. In some cases, we are unable to find the bound states without considering the recoil corrections. Under SU(2) chiral symmetry, we have studied the $D'_1 D'_1$, $D'_1 \bar D'_1$, $B'_1 B'_1$ and $B'_1 \bar B'_1$ systems in the framework of the one-boson exchange (OBE) model with the treatments of the $S$\--{}$D$ wave mixing effect and the recoil corrections. Our results indicate that both the $D'_1 D'_1$ system with $I(J^P)=0(1^+)$ and $I(J^P)=1(2^+)$ can form the molecular states whether with the recoil corrections or not, while the $D'_1 D'_1$ system with $I(J^P)=1(0^+)$ fail to form a hadronic molecule without recoil corrections but it turns out to be a loosely bound state after the inclusion of the recoil corrections. And we have found the deuteron-like states for the $D'_1 \bar D'_1$, $B'_1 B'_1$ and $B'_1 \bar B'_1$ systems, whether considering the recoil corrections or not.
反冲修正出现在$O(\frac{1}{M})$，这对具有重味道的强子分子来说非常重要。过去，我们一直认为反冲修正不利于分子态的形成，但我们的研究揭示了它对形成二重子束缚态的重要性。在某些情况下，如果不考虑反冲修正，我们就无法找到束缚态。在SU(2)手性对称条件下，我们在单玻色子交换（OBE）模型框架内研究了$D'_1 D'_1$、$D'_1 \bar D'_1$、$B'_1 B'_1$ 和$B'_1 \bar B'_1$ 系统，研究了$S$\-{}$D$波混合效应和反冲修正。我们的结果表明，无论是否有反冲修正，$I(J^P)=0(1^+)$和$I(J^P)=1(2^+)$的$D'_1 D'_1$系统都能形成分子态，而$D'；_1 D'_1$ 系统在没有反冲修正的情况下不能形成强子分子，但在加入反冲修正之后，它变成了一个松散束缚态。我们还发现了 $D'_1 \bar D'_1$、$B'_1 B'_1$ 和 $B'_1 \bar B'_1$ 系统的类氘核态，无论是否考虑反冲修正。

23. Azimuthal modulation in light-by-light scattering from ultraperipheral collisions at LHCid:2410.13781:id在线阅读
Yu Jia, Shuo Lin, Jian Zhou, Ya-jin Zhou
Elastic light-by-light (LbL) scattering, one of the most fascinating processes in the Standard Model (SM), has recently been observed in the ultraperipheral collisions (UPCs) of relativistic heavy ions in the Atlas and CMS experiments at the Large Hadron Collider (LHC). However, the measured LbL cross section exhibits noticeable tension with the SM predictions based on the collinear factorization approach. Recognizing that the incident quasi-real photons in LbL scattering are strongly linearly polarized, we re-investigate the LbL scattering at UPCs by incorporating the joint dependence of the impact parameter and transverse momenta of the incident photons. Accounting for these effects alleviates the tension between the Atlas measurements and the preceding predictions from collinear factorization. Moreover, we show that the linear polarization of incident photons generates a sizable $\cos2\phi$-type azimuthal modulation, which awaits the test in future LHC and EIC/EicC experiments.
弹性逐光（LbL）散射是标准模型（SM）中最迷人的过程之一，最近在大型强子对撞机（LHC）的阿特拉斯（Atlas）和 CMS 实验中的相对论重离子超外围对撞（UPC）中观测到了这种散射。然而，测得的 LbL 截面与基于对偶因式分解方法的 SM 预测存在明显的矛盾。我们认识到 LbL 散射中的入射准真实光子是强线性极化的，因此通过纳入入射光子的撞击参数和横向矩的共同依赖性，重新研究了 UPCs 的 LbL 散射。对这些效应的考虑缓解了阿特拉斯测量结果与之前的对偶因式分解预测之间的矛盾。此外，我们还证明了入射光子的线性偏振会产生相当大的\cos2\phi$型方位调制，这有待于在未来的大型强子对撞机和EIC/EicC实验中进行检验。

24. Machine-Learning Analysis of Radiative Decays to Dark Matter at the LHCid:2410.13799:id在线阅读
Ernesto Arganda, Marcela Carena, Martín de los Rios, Andres D. Perez, Duncan Rocha, Rosa M. Sandá Seoane, Carlos E. M. Wagner
The search for weakly interacting matter particles (WIMPs) is one of the main objectives of the High Luminosity Large Hadron Collider (HL-LHC). In this work we use Machine Learning (ML) techniques to explore WIMP radiative decays into a Dark Matter (DM) candidate in a supersymmetric framework. The minimal supersymmetric WIMP sector includes the lightest neutralino that can provide the observed DM relic density through its co-annihilation with the second lightest neutralino and lightest chargino. Moreover, the direct DM detection cross section rates fulfill current experimental bounds and provide discovery targets for the same region of model parameters in which the radiative decay of the second lightest neutralino into a photon and the lightest neutralino is enhanced. This strongly motivates the search for radiatively decaying neutralinos which, however, suffers from strong backgrounds. We investigate the LHC reach in the search for these radiatively decaying particles by means of cut-based and ML methods and estimate its discovery potential in this well-motivated, new physics scenario.
寻找弱相互作用物质粒子（WIMPs）是高亮度大型强子对撞机（HL-LHC）的主要目标之一。在这项工作中，我们利用机器学习（ML）技术，在超对称框架内探索WIMP辐射衰变为暗物质（DM）候选粒子的情况。最小的超对称 WIMP 部门包括最轻的中微子，它可以通过与第二轻的中微子和最轻的充微子共湮灭来提供观测到的 DM 残留密度。此外，直接DM探测截面率符合当前的实验界限，并为同一模型参数区域提供了发现目标，在这一区域中，第二最轻中微子辐射衰变为光子和最轻中微子的能力增强。这有力地推动了对辐射衰变中微子的搜索，然而这种搜索受到强背景的影响。我们通过基于切分和 ML 的方法研究了大型强子对撞机在搜索这些辐射衰变粒子中的作用范围，并估计了它在这种动机明确的新物理情景中的发现潜力。

25. An end-to-end generative diffusion model for heavy-ion collisionsid:2410.13069:id在线阅读
Jing-An Sun, Li Yan, Charles Gale, Sangyong Jeon
We train a generative diffusion model (DM) to simulate ultra-relativistic heavy-ion collisions from end to end. The model takes initial entropy density profiles as input and produces two-dimensional final particle spectra, successfully reproducing integrated and differential observables. It also captures higher-order fluctuations and correlations. These findings suggest that the generative model has successfully learned the complex relationship between initial conditions and final particle spectra for various shear viscosities, as well as the fluctuations introduced during initial entropy production and hadronization stages, providing an efficient framework for resource-intensive physical goals. The code and trained model are available at this https URL.
我们训练了一个生成扩散模型（DM）来从头到尾模拟超相对论重离子碰撞。该模型将初始熵密度剖面作为输入，生成二维最终粒子谱，成功地再现了综合和微分观测值。它还捕捉到了高阶波动和相关性。这些发现表明，该生成模型成功地学习了各种剪切粘度下初始条件与最终粒子谱之间的复杂关系，以及初始熵产生和强子化阶段引入的波动，为资源密集型物理目标提供了一个高效的框架。代码和训练好的模型可在此 https URL上获取。

26. Particle Acceleration Time due to Turbulent-Induced Magnetic Reconnectionid:2410.13071:id在线阅读
Elisabete M. de Gouveia Dal Pino, Tania E. Medina-Torrejon
We numerically investigate a crucial parameter for understanding particle acceleration theory via turbulence-induced magnetic reconnection: the particle acceleration time. We examine particles accelerated either during the jet's dynamic evolution or in a post-processing, nearly stationary regime. We derive the particle acceleration time and compare it with theoretical predictions for both the Fermi and drift regimes identified in the simulations. In the Fermi regime, the acceleration time is expected to be independent of the particles' energy, for constant reconnection velocity, as energy increases exponentially with time. Conversely, we expect the reconnection acceleration time to depend on the current sheet's thickness and the reconnection velocity, a dependence recently revisited by xu and lazarian 2023. They identified three conditions for \(t_{acc}\). We tested these relations using statistical distributions of the current sheets' thickness and reconnection velocities in the turbulent jet over time. The resulting average value of \(t_{acc}\) was found to be nearly constant with particle energy. We compared this acceleration time with the average acceleration time derived directly from 50,000 particles accelerated in situ in the same relativistic jet. When considering a longer time interval for particle acceleration in a nearly stationary snapshot of the turbulent jet, we find that the acceleration time during the Fermi regime remains nearly independent of particle energy and aligns with the acceleration time theoretical relations up to the threshold energy, attained when the particles Larmor radius becomes as large as the thickness of the largest current sheets. Beyond this threshold, the acceleration regime shifts to the slower drift regime, showing strong energy dependence, as predicted. The results also indicate a clear dominance of the Fermi regime of acceleration.
我们用数值方法研究了通过湍流诱导的磁重联理解粒子加速理论的一个关键参数：粒子加速时间。我们研究了在喷流动态演化过程中或在后处理、接近静止状态下加速的粒子。我们得出了粒子加速时间，并将其与模拟中确定的费米和漂移机制的理论预测进行了比较。在费米状态下，由于能量随时间呈指数增长，因此在重连接速度不变的情况下，加速时间预计与粒子的能量无关。相反，我们预计重连接加速时间取决于电流片厚度和重连接速度，徐和拉扎里安最近重新研究了这一关系2023。他们确定了\(t_{acc}\)的三个条件。我们使用湍流射流中电流片厚度和重联速度随时间变化的统计分布来检验这些关系。结果发现，\(t_{acc}/)的平均值与粒子能量几乎是恒定的。我们将这一加速时间与在同一相对论射流中原地加速的50,000个粒子直接得出的平均加速时间进行了比较。当考虑到粒子在湍流射流近乎静止的快照中加速的更长时间段时，我们发现费米体系中的加速时间几乎与粒子能量无关，并且在粒子拉莫尔半径变得与最大电流片厚度一样大的阈值能量之前，与加速时间理论关系一致。超过这个阈值后，加速机制就会转向较慢的漂移机制，并如预测的那样显示出强烈的能量依赖性。结果还表明，费米加速机制明显占主导地位。

27. Impact parameter dependence of the effect of background field on coupling constant in heavy ion collisionsid:2410.13291:id在线阅读
Cong Li
We investigated the impact parameter dependence of the background field's effect on the coupling constant of the $\gamma \gamma \rightarrow l^{+} l^{-} \gamma$ process in heavy-ion collisions. The peripheral electric fields of heavy ions collide, and after photon annihilation into lepton pairs, the subsequent emission of radiation photons will be affected by the background field. Numerical estimates indicate that the dependence of this effect on the impact parameter is significant during this process.
我们研究了背景场对$\gamma \gamma \rightarrow l^{+} l^{-} 过程耦合常数的影响参数依赖性。\gamma$ 过程的影响。重离子碰撞的外围电场和光子湮灭成轻子对后，辐射光子的后续发射将受到背景场的影响。数值估计表明，在这一过程中，这种影响与撞击参数的关系非常显著。

28. Observation of the Singly Cabibbo-Suppressed Decay $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0$id:2410.13368:id在线阅读
BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, O. Afedulidis, X. C. Ai, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, H.-R. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. F. Chang, G. R. Che, G. Chelkov, C. Chen, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. L. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. J. Chen, Z. Y. Chen, S. K. Choi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. J. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, B. Ding, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, X. B. Gao
Utilizing 4.5${~\rm{fb}}^{-1}$ of $e^+e^-$ annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector at the BEPCII collider at center-of-mass energies between 4.600 and 4.699 GeV, the first observation of the singly Cabibbo-suppressed decay $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0$ is presented, with a statistical significance of $5.4\sigma$. The ratio of the branching fractions of $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0$ and $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\eta$ is measured as $\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\eta)=(0.120\pm0.026_{\rm stat.}\pm0.007_{\rm syst.})$. This result resolves the longstanding discrepancy between earlier experimental searches, providing both a decisive conclusion and valuable input for QCD-inspired theoretical models. A sophisticated deep learning approach using a Transformer-based architecture is employed to distinguish the signal from the prevalent hadronic backgrounds, complemented by thorough validation and systematic uncertainty quantification.
利用 BEPCII 对撞机上的 BESIII 探测器在 4.600 和 4.699 GeV 之间的质心能量下收集的 4.5${~rm{fb}}^{-1}$ $e^+e^-$ 湮灭数据，首次观测到了单卡比波抑制衰变 $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0$ ，统计意义为 5.4 （sigma）$。$\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0$ 和 $\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\eta$ 的分支分数之比测量为：$\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\pi^0)/\mathcal{B}(\Lambda_c^{+}\to p\eta)=(0.120/pm0.026_{/rm stat.}/pm0.007_{/rm syst.}）$。这一结果解决了早期实验搜索之间长期存在的差异，为QCD启发的理论模型提供了决定性的结论和宝贵的输入。我们采用了一种基于变换器架构的复杂深度学习方法来区分信号和普遍存在的强子背景，并辅以全面的验证和系统的不确定性量化。

29. Observation of a rare beta decay of the charmed baryon with a Graph Neural Networkid:2410.13515:id在线阅读
BESIII Collaboration: M. Ablikim, M. N. Achasov, P. Adlarson, O. Afedulidis, X. C. Ai, R. Aliberti, A. Amoroso, Q. An, Y. Bai, O. Bakina, I. Balossino, Y. Ban, H.-R. Bao, V. Batozskaya, K. Begzsuren, N. Berger, M. Berlowski, M. Bertani, D. Bettoni, F. Bianchi, E. Bianco, A. Bortone, I. Boyko, R. A. Briere, A. Brueggemann, H. Cai, X. Cai, A. Calcaterra, G. F. Cao, N. Cao, S. A. Cetin, J. F. Chang, G. R. Che, G. Chelkov, C. Chen, C. H. Chen, Chao Chen, G. Chen, H. S. Chen, H. Y. Chen, M. L. Chen, S. J. Chen, S. L. Chen, S. M. Chen, T. Chen, X. R. Chen, X. T. Chen, Y. B. Chen, Y. Q. Chen, Z. J. Chen, Z. Y. Chen, S. K. Choi, G. Cibinetto, F. Cossio, J. J. Cui, H. L. Dai, J. P. Dai, A. Dbeyssi, R. E. de Boer, D. Dedovich, C. Q. Deng, Z. Y. Deng, A. Denig, I. Denysenko, M. Destefanis, F. De Mori, B. Ding, X. X. Ding, Y. Ding, Y. Ding, J. Dong, L. Y. Dong, M. Y. Dong, X. Dong, M. C. Du, S. X. Du, Y. Y. Duan, Z. H. Duan, P. Egorov, Y. H. Fan, J. Fang, J. Fang, S. S. Fang, W. X. Fang, Y. Fang, Y. Q. Fang, R. Farinelli, L. Fava, F. Feldbauer, G. Felici, C. Q. Feng, J. H. Feng, Y. T. Feng, M. Fritsch, C. D. Fu, J. L. Fu, Y. W. Fu, H. Gao, X. B. Gao
The study of beta decay of the charmed baryon provides unique insights into the fundamental mechanism of the strong and electro-weak interactions. The $\Lambda_c^+$, being the lightest charmed baryon, undergoes disintegration solely through the charm quark weak decay. Its beta decay provides an ideal laboratory for investigating non-perturbative effects in quantum chromodynamics and for constraining the fundamental parameters of the Cabibbo-Kobayashi-Maskawa matrix in weak interaction theory. This article presents the first observation of the Cabibbo-suppressed $\Lambda_c^+$ beta decay into a neutron $\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ \nu_{e}$, based on $4.5~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$ of electron-positron annihilation data collected with the BESIII detector in the energy region above the $\Lambda^+_c\bar{\Lambda}^-_c$ threshold. A novel machine learning technique, leveraging Graph Neural Networks, has been utilized to effectively separate signals from dominant backgrounds, particularly $\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow \Lambda e^+ \nu_{e}$. This approach has yielded a statistical significance of more than $10\sigma$. The absolute branching fraction of $\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ \nu_{e}$ is measured to be $(3.57\pm0.34_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.14_{\mathrm{syst}})\times 10^{-3}$. For the first time, the CKM matrix element $\left|V_{cd}\right|$ is extracted via a charmed baryon decay to be $0.208\pm0.011_{\rm exp.}\pm0.007_{\rm LQCD}\pm0.001_{\tau_{\Lambda_c^+}}$. This study provides a new probe to further understand fundamental interactions in the charmed baryon sector, and demonstrates the power of modern machine learning techniques in enhancing experimental capability in high energy physics research.
对粲重子β衰变的研究为了解强相互作用和弱电相互作用的基本机制提供了独特的见解。作为最轻的粲重子，$\Lambda_c^+$只通过粲夸克弱衰变发生解体。它的β衰变为研究量子色动力学的非微扰效应和约束弱相互作用理论中卡比波-小林-马斯卡瓦矩阵的基本参数提供了一个理想的实验室。本文基于BESIII探测器在$\Lambda^+_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ \nu_{e}$阈值以上能量区域收集到的$4.5~\mathrm{fb}^{-1}$电子-正电子湮灭数据，首次观测到了卡毕博抑制的$\Lambda_c^+$β衰变为中子$\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ \nu_{e}$。利用图神经网络（Graph Neural Networks），一种新颖的机器学习技术被用来从主要背景中有效地分离信号，特别是 $\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow \Lambda e^+ \nu_{e}$。这种方法产生了超过 $10\sigma$ 的统计意义。测得 $\Lambda_c^+ \rightarrow n e^+ \nu_{e}$ 的绝对分支分数为 $(3.57\pm0.34_{\mathrm{stat}}\pm0.14_{\mathrm{syst}})\times 10^{-3}$。这是第一次通过有粲重子衰变提取出CKM矩阵元素$\left|V_{cd}\right|$，其值为$0.208/pm0.011_\{rm exp.}\pm0.007_{rm LQCD}\pm0.001_{\tau_{Lambda_c^+}}$。这项研究为进一步理解粲重子部门的基本相互作用提供了一个新的探针，并展示了现代机器学习技术在提高高能物理研究实验能力方面的威力。

30. Holographic Non-Hermitian Lattices and Junctions with PT-Restoring RG Flowsid:2410.13584:id在线阅读
Daniel Arean, David Garcia-Fariña
We construct and study inhomogenoeus non-Hermitian strongly coupled holographic field theories. We consider two models: a lattice where in each site there is some inflow/outflow of matter and a Hermitian on-Hermitian/Hermitian junction. Depending on whether we turn on a complex external gauge field, we find solutions that spontaneously break PT (thus hinting at a lack of unitary evolution) and solutions that do not. The former present an imaginary current responsible for the spontaneous breaking of PT. We also study the IR geometry of these solutions finding that they flow to a PT-unbroken fixed point. This leads us to claim that there is a PT-symmetry restoration in the IR, similar to the one observed in the perturbative setup of arXiv:2110.05289.
我们构建并研究了非同源非赫米梯强耦合全息场理论。我们考虑了两种模型：一种是晶格，其中每个位置都有一些物质流入/流出；另一种是赫米蒂上赫米蒂/赫米蒂结点。根据我们是否开启一个复杂的外部规量场，我们会发现自发打破 PT（从而暗示缺乏单元演化）的解和不自发打破 PT 的解。前者存在一个虚电流，负责自发打破 PT。我们还研究了这些解的红外几何，发现它们流向一个 PT 未被打破的固定点。这使我们声称，在红外存在着PT对称性恢复，类似于在arXiv:2110.05289的微扰设置中观察到的情况。

31. Is the $w_0w_a$CDM cosmological parameterization evidence for dark energy dynamics partially caused by the excess smoothing of Planck CMB anisotropy data?id:2410.13627:id在线阅读
Chan-Gyung Park, Javier de Cruz Perez, Bharat Ratra
We study the performance of the spatially-flat dynamical dark energy (DE) $w_0w_a$CDM parameterization, with redshift-dependent DE fluid equation of state parameter $w(z) = w_0 + w_a z/(1+z)$, with and without a varying CMB lensing consistency parameter $A_L$, against Planck cosmic microwave background (CMB) data (P18 and lensing) and a combination of non-CMB data composed of baryonic acoustic oscillation (BAO) measurements that do not include DESI BAO data, Pantheon+ type Ia supernovae (SNIa) observations, Hubble parameter [$H(z)$] measurements, and growth factor ($f\sigma_8$) data points. From our most restrictive data set, P18+lensing+non-CMB, for the $w_0w_a$CDM+$A_L$ parameterization, we obtain $w_0=-0.879\pm 0.060$, $w_a=-0.39^{+0.26}_{-0.22}$, the asymptotic limit $w(z\to\infty) = w_0+w_a=-1.27^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$, and $A_L=1.078^{+0.036}_{-0.040}$ (all $1\sigma$ errors). This joint analysis of CMB and non-CMB data favors DE dynamics over a cosmological constant at $\sim 1\sigma$ and $A_L>1$ at $\sim 2\sigma$, i.e. more smoothing of the Planck CMB anisotropy data than is predicted by the best-fit model. For the $w_0w_a$CDM parameterization with $A_L=1$ the evidence in favor of DE dynamics is larger, $\sim 2\sigma$, suggesting that at least part of the evidence for DE dynamics comes from the excess smoothing of the Planck CMB anisotropy data. For the $w_0w_a$CDM parameterization with $A_L=1$, there is a difference of $2.8\sigma$ between P18 and non-CMB cosmological parameter constraints and $2.7\sigma$ between P18+lensing and non-CMB constraints. When $A_L$ is allowed to vary these tensions reduced to $1.9\sigma$ and $2.1\sigma$ respectively. Our P18+lensing+non-CMB data compilation positively favors the $w_0w_a$CDM parameterization without and with a varying $A_L$ parameter over the flat $\Lambda$CDM model, and $w_0w_a$CDM+$A_L$ is also positively favored over $w_0w_a$CDM.
我们研究了空间扁平动态暗能量（DE）$w_0w_a$CDM 参数化的性能，其中有红移依赖的 DE 流体状态方程参数$w(z) = w_0 + w_a z/(1+z)$，有和没有变化的 CMB 透镜一致性参数$A_L$、与普朗克宇宙微波背景（CMB）数据（P18 和 Lensing）以及由重子声波振荡（BAO）测量（不包括 DESI BAO 数据）、Pantheon+ Ia 型超新星（SNIa）观测、哈勃参数[$H(z)$]测量和生长因子（$f\sigma_8$）数据点组成的非 CMB 数据组合进行对比。从我们最严格的数据集（P18+lensing+non-CMB）中，对于$w_0w_a$CDM+$A_L$参数化，我们得到$w_0=-0.879\pm 0.060$，$w_a=-0.39^{+0.26}_{-0.22}$，渐近极限$w(z\to\infty) = w_0+w_a=-1.27^{+0.20}_{-0.17}$, $A_L=1.078^{+0.036}_{-0.040}$（误差均为1美元）。对CMB和非CMB数据的联合分析表明，在$\sim 1\sigma$和$\sim 2\sigma$时，DE动力学比宇宙常数更有利，也就是说，普朗克CMB各向异性数据比最佳拟合模型预测的更平滑。对于$A_L=1$的$w_0w_a$CDM参数化，支持DE动力学的证据更大，为$\sim 2\sigma$，这表明DE动力学的证据至少有一部分来自普朗克CMB各向异性数据的过度平滑。对于 $A_L=1$ 的 $w_0w_a$CDM 参数化，P18 和非 CMB 宇宙学参数约束之间相差 2.8 个 sigma$，P18+lensing 和非 CMB 约束之间相差 2.7 个 sigma$。当允许 $A_L$ 变化时，这些张力分别降低到 1.9 （sigma$）和 2.1 （sigma$）。我们的P18+lensing+non-CMB数据汇编积极地倾向于没有A_L$参数和A_L$参数变化的$w_0w_a$CDM参数化，而不是平坦的$\Lambda$CDM模型；$w_0w_a$CDM+$A_L$也积极地倾向于$w_0w_a$CDM。

32. Semi-Hadronic Charge-Parity Violation Interaction Constants in CsAg, FrLi and FrAg moleculesid:2410.13670:id在线阅读
Aurélien Marc, Timo Fleig
We present a systematic study of the nucleon-electron tensor-pseudotensor (Ne-TPT) interaction in candidate molecules for next-generation experimental searches for new sources of charge-parity violation. The considered molecules are all amenable to assembly from laser-cooled atoms, with the francium-silver (FrAg) molecule previously shown to be the most sensitive to the Schiff moment interaction in this set. Interelectron correlation effects are treated through relativistic general-excitation-rank configuration-interaction theory in the framework of the Dirac-Coulomb Hamiltonian. We find in FrAg the Ne-TPT interaction constant to be $W_T({\text{Fr}}) = 2.58 \pm 0.21 [\left<\Sigma\right>_A \mathrm{kHz}]$, considering the Francium atom as target of the measurement. Taking into account nuclear structure in a multi-source interpretation of a measured electric dipole moment, FrAg is found to be an excellent probe of physics beyond the Standard Model as this system will in addition to its sizeable Ne-TPT interaction constant greatly constrain fundamental parameters such as the quantum-chromo-dynamic $\bar{\theta}$ or the semileptonic four-fermion interaction $C_{lequ}$ from which nuclear and atomic ${\cal{CP}}$-violating properties arise.
我们对核子-电子张量-伪张量（Ne-TPT）相互作用的候选分子进行了系统研究，以便在下一代实验中寻找新的违反电荷奇偶性的来源。所考虑的分子都可以从激光冷却原子组装，其中钫-银（FrAg）分子以前曾被证明是这组分子中对希夫矩相互作用最敏感的。在狄拉克-库仑哈密顿的框架内，通过相对论性一般激发-秩构型-相互作用理论处理了电子内相关效应。以钫原子为测量目标，我们发现在FrAg中Ne-TPT相互作用常数为$W_T({\text{Fr}}) = 2.58 \pm 0.21 [\left<\Sigma\right>_A \mathrm{kHz}]$。考虑到在测量电偶极矩的多源解释中的核结构，FrAg被认为是超越标准模型的物理学的极佳探针，因为该系统除了其可观的Ne-TPT相互作用常数外，还将极大地约束量子色动力学$\bar\{theta}$或半轻子四费米子相互作用$C_{lequ}$等基本参数，而核和原子的${\cal{CP}}$破坏特性正是源于这些基本参数。

33. Observation of string-breaking dynamics in a quantum simulatorid:2410.13815:id在线阅读
Arinjoy De, Alessio Lerose, De Luo, Federica M. Surace, Alexander Schuckert, Elizabeth R. Bennewitz, Brayden Ware, William Morong, Kate S. Collins, Zohreh Davoudi, Alexey V. Gorshkov, Or Katz, Christopher Monroe
Spontaneous particle-pair formation is a fundamental phenomenon in nature. It can, for example, appear when the potential energy between two particles increases with separation, as if they were connected by a tense string. Beyond a critical separation, new particle pairs can form, causing the string to break. String-breaking dynamics in quantum chromodynamics play a vital role in high-energy particle collisions and early universe evolution. Simulating string evolution and hadron formation is, therefore, a grand challenge in modern physics. Quantum simulators, well-suited for studying dynamics, are expected to outperform classical computing methods. However, the required experimental capabilities to simulate string-breaking dynamics have not yet been demonstrated, even for simpler models of the strong force. We experimentally probe, for the first time, the spatiotemporal dynamics of string-breaking in a (1+1)-dimensional $\mathbb{Z}_2$ lattice gauge theory using a fully programmable trapped-ion quantum simulator. We emulate external static charges and strings via site-dependent magnetic-field control enabled by a dual array of tightly focused laser beams targeting individual ions. First, we study how confinement affects isolated charges, finding that they freely spread without string tension but exhibit localized oscillations when tension is increased. Then, we observe and characterize string-breaking dynamics of a string stretched between two static charges after an abrupt increase in string tension. Charge pairs appear near the string edges and spread into the bulk, revealing a route to dynamical string-breaking distinct from the conventional Schwinger mechanism. Our work demonstrates that analog quantum simulators have achieved the necessary control to explore string-breaking dynamics, which may ultimately be relevant to nuclear and high-energy physics.
自发形成粒子对是自然界的一种基本现象。例如，当两个粒子之间的势能随着距离的增加而增加时，就会出现这种现象，就好像它们被一根绷紧的弦连接起来一样。超过临界分离度时，就会形成新的粒子对，导致弦断裂。量子色动力学中的弦断裂动力学在高能粒子碰撞和早期宇宙演化中起着至关重要的作用。因此，模拟弦的演化和强子的形成是现代物理学的一大挑战。量子模拟器非常适合研究动力学，有望超越经典计算方法。然而，模拟弦破缺动力学所需的实验能力尚未得到证实，即使对于较简单的强力模型也是如此。我们利用完全可编程的困离子量子模拟器，首次在实验中探测了（1+1）维 $\mathbb{Z}_2$ 晶格规理论中的弦断裂时空动力学。我们通过以单个离子为目标的双阵列紧密聚焦激光束实现的位点依赖性磁场控制来模拟外部静电荷和弦。首先，我们研究了束缚如何影响孤立电荷，发现它们在没有弦张力的情况下自由扩散，但在张力增加时会表现出局部振荡。然后，我们观察并描述了在弦张力突然增加后，在两个静态电荷之间拉伸的弦的断弦动力学。电荷对出现在弦边缘附近，并扩散到弦体中，揭示了一种有别于传统施温格机制的动态断弦途径。我们的工作表明，模拟量子模拟器已经实现了探索弦断裂动力学的必要控制，这最终可能与核物理和高能物理相关。

34. 2B or not 2B, a study of bottom-quark-philic semi-visible jetsid:2207.01885:id在线阅读
Deepak Kar, Wandile Nzuza, Sukanya Sinha
Semi-visible jets arise in strongly interacting dark sector, resulting in jets overlapping with the missing transverse momentum direction. The implementation of semi-visible jets is done using the Pythia Hidden Valley module to mimic the QCD sector showering in so-called dark shower. In this work, only heavy flavour Standard Model quarks are considered in dark shower, resulting in a much less ambiguous collider signature of semi-visible jets compared to the democratic production of all five quark flavours in dark shower. The constraints from available searches on this signature are presented, and it is shown the signal reconstruction can be improved by using variable-radius jets. Finally a search strategy is suggested.
半可见喷流产生于强相互作用的暗扇区，导致喷流与缺失的横动量方向重叠。半可见喷流的实现是利用 Pythia 隐谷模块来模拟所谓暗喷流中的 QCD 扇面喷流。在这项工作中，只考虑了暗喷流中的重味标准模型夸克，因此与暗喷流中所有五种夸克味的民主产生相比，半可见喷流的对撞机特征模糊性要小得多。本文介绍了现有搜索对这一特征的限制，并表明使用可变半径射流可以改进信号重建。最后提出了一种搜索策略。

35. Hard jet substructure in a multistage approachid:2301.02485:id在线阅读
Y. Tachibana, A. Kumar, A. Majumder, A. Angerami, R. Arora, S. A. Bass, S. Cao, Y. Chen, T. Dai, L. Du, R. Ehlers, H. Elfner, W. Fan, R. J. Fries, C. Gale, Y. He, M. Heffernan, U. Heinz, B. V. Jacak, P. M. Jacobs, S. Jeon, Y. Ji, K. Kauder, L. Kasper, W. Ke, M. Kelsey, M. Kordell II, J. Latessa, Y.-J. Lee, D. Liyanage, A. Lopez, M. Luzum, S. Mak, A. Mankolli, C. Martin, H. Mehryar, T. Mengel, J. Mulligan, C. Nattrass, D. Oliinychenko, J.-F. Paquet, J. H. Putschke, G. Roland, B. Schenke, L. Schwiebert, A. Sengupta, C. Shen, A. Silva, C. Sirimanna, D. Soeder, R. A. Soltz, I. Soudi, J. Staudenmaier, M. Strickland, J. Velkovska, G. Vujanovic, X.-N. Wang, R. L. Wolpert, W. Zhao (the JETSCAPE Collaboration)
We present predictions and postdictions for a wide variety of hard jet-substructure observables using a multistage model within the JETSCAPE framework. The details of the multistage model and the various parameter choices are described in [A. Kumar et al., arXiv:2204.01163]. A novel feature of this model is the presence of two stages of jet modification: a high virtuality phase [modeled using the modular all twist transverse-scattering elastic-drag and radiation model (MATTER)], where modified coherence effects diminish medium-induced radiation, and a lower virtuality phase [modeled using the linear Boltzmann transport model (LBT)], where parton splits are fully resolved by the medium as they endure multiple scattering induced energy loss. Energy-loss calculations are carried out on event-by-event viscous fluid dynamic backgrounds constrained by experimental data. The uniform and consistent descriptions of multiple experimental observables demonstrate the essential role of modified coherence effects and the multistage modeling of jet evolution. Using the best choice of parameters from [A. Kumar et al., arXiv:2204.01163], and with no further tuning, we present calculations for the medium modified jet fragmentation function, the groomed jet momentum fraction $z_g$ and angular separation $r_g$ distributions, as well as the nuclear modification factor of groomed jets. These calculations provide accurate descriptions of published data from experiments at the Large Hadron Collider. Furthermore, we provide predictions from the multistage model for future measurements at the BNL Relativistic Heavy Ion Collider.
我们在 JETSCAPE 框架内使用多级模型对各种硬射流-子结构观测数据进行了预测和后验。多级模型和各种参数选择的详细介绍见 [A. Kumar et al.Kumar et al., arXiv:2204.01163]。该模型的一个新特点是存在两个阶段的射流修正：一个是高虚拟性阶段[使用模块化全扭曲横向散射弹性-拖曳和辐射模型（MATTER）建模]，修正的相干效应会减弱介质诱导的辐射；另一个是低虚拟性阶段[使用线性玻尔兹曼输运模型（LBT）建模]，在这一阶段，由于承受多次散射诱导的能量损失，介质会完全解析粒子分裂。能量损失计算是在受实验数据限制的逐个事件粘性流体动力学背景下进行的。对多种实验观测数据的统一和一致描述证明了修正相干效应和射流演化多阶段建模的重要作用。使用 [A. Kumar et al.Kumar et al., arXiv:2204.01163]中参数的最佳选择，并且没有进一步的调整，我们给出了介质修正射流碎裂函数、疏导射流动量分数 $z_g$ 和角间隔 $r_g$ 分布以及疏导射流核修正因子的计算结果。这些计算准确地描述了大型强子对撞机实验的公开数据。此外，我们还提供了多级模型对 BNL 相对重离子对撞机未来测量结果的预测。

36. Effective Field Theory descriptions of Higgs boson pair productionid:2304.01968:id在线阅读
Lina Alasfar, Luca Cadamuro, Christina Dimitriadi, Arnaud Ferrari, Ramona Gröber, Gudrun Heinrich, Tom Ingebretsen Carlson, Jannis Lang, Serhat Ördek, Laura Pereira Sánchez, Ludovic Scyboz, Jörgen Sjölin
Higgs boson pair production is traditionally considered to be of particular interest for a measurement of the trilinear Higgs self-coupling. Yet it can offer insights into other couplings as well, since - in an effective field theory (EFT) parameterisation of potential new physics - both the production cross section and kinematical properties of the Higgs boson pair depend on various other Wilson coefficients of EFT operators. This note summarises the ongoing efforts related to the development of EFT tools for Higgs boson pair production in gluon fusion, and provides recommendations for the use of distinct EFT parameterisations in the Higgs boson pair production process. This document also outlines where further efforts are needed and provides a detailed analysis of theoretical uncertainties. Additionally, benchmark scenarios are updated. We also re-derive a parameterisation of the next-to-leading order (NLO) QCD corrections in terms of the EFT Wilson coefficients both for the total cross section and the distribution in the invariant mass of the Higgs boson pair, providing for the first time also the covariance matrix. A reweighting procedure making use of the newly derived coefficients is validated, which can be used to significantly speed up experimental analyses.
希格斯玻色子对的产生历来被认为是测量三线性希格斯自耦合的特别兴趣所在。然而，它也能提供对其他耦合的洞察力，因为在潜在新物理的有效场论（EFT）参数化中，希格斯玻色子对的产生截面和运动学性质都取决于 EFT 算子的各种其他威尔逊系数。本说明总结了目前为在胶子聚变中产生希格斯玻色子对而开发 EFT 工具的相关工作，并为在希格斯玻色子对产生过程中使用不同的 EFT 参数提供了建议。本文件还概述了需要进一步努力的领域，并对理论不确定性进行了详细分析。此外，还更新了基准方案。我们还用 EFT 威尔逊系数重新推导了希格斯玻色子对的总截面和不变质量分布的次先导阶（NLO）QCD 修正参数，并首次提供了协方差矩阵。利用新推导出的系数进行再加权的程序得到了验证，它可以用来大大加快实验分析的速度。

37. Moments of Clarity: Streamlining Latent Spaces in Machine Learning using Moment Poolingid:2403.08854:id在线阅读
Rikab Gambhir, Athis Osathapan, Jesse Thaler
Many machine learning applications involve learning a latent representation of data, which is often high-dimensional and difficult to directly interpret. In this work, we propose "Moment Pooling", a natural extension of Deep Sets networks which drastically decrease latent space dimensionality of these networks while maintaining or even improving performance. Moment Pooling generalizes the summation in Deep Sets to arbitrary multivariate moments, which enables the model to achieve a much higher effective latent dimensionality for a fixed latent dimension. We demonstrate Moment Pooling on the collider physics task of quark/gluon jet classification by extending Energy Flow Networks (EFNs) to Moment EFNs. We find that Moment EFNs with latent dimensions as small as 1 perform similarly to ordinary EFNs with higher latent dimension. This small latent dimension allows for the internal representation to be directly visualized and interpreted, which in turn enables the learned internal jet representation to be extracted in closed form.
许多机器学习应用都涉及学习数据的潜在表示，而数据通常是高维的，难以直接解释。在这项工作中，我们提出了 "时刻池化"（Moment Pooling"）技术，它是深度集网络的自然扩展，可以在保持甚至提高性能的同时，大幅降低这些网络的潜在空间维度。时刻池化将深度集中的求和推广到任意多变量时刻，从而使模型在固定潜在维度下获得更高的有效潜在维度。我们通过将能量流网络（EFN）扩展为矩阵 EFN，在夸克/胶子射流分类的对撞机物理任务中演示了矩阵池技术。我们发现，潜在维度小至 1 的矩 EFN 与潜在维度较高的普通 EFN 性能相似。较小的潜维度使得内部表示可以直接可视化和解释，这反过来又使得学习到的内部射流表示可以以封闭形式提取出来。

38. Direct detection of light dark matter charged under a $L_{\mu} - L_{\tau}$ symmetryid:2404.03090:id在线阅读
Pablo Figueroa, Gonzalo Herrera, Fredy Ochoa
A possible extension of the Standard Model able to explain the recent measurement of the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon consists in adding a gauged $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ symmetry. If the dark matter particle is charged under this symmetry, the kinetic mixing between the new gauge boson and the photon induces dark matter-electron interactions. We derive direct detection constraints on light dark matter charged under a $U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$ symmetry with electron recoil experiments, and explore prospects with XLZD and OSCURA to close in the parameter space able to explain simultaneously the recent measurement on the anomalous magnetic moment of the muon and the observed relic density of dark matter. We further discuss the spin-dependent scattering contribution arising in this model, which was ignored previously in the literature.
标准模型的一个可能的扩展能够解释最近测量到的μ介子的反常磁矩，这就是增加了一个规$U(1)_{L_{mu}-L_{\tau}}$对称性。如果暗物质粒子在这一对称性下带电，那么新的规玻色子和光子之间的动力学混合就会诱发暗物质-电子相互作用。我们通过电子反冲实验得出了在$U(1)_{L_{\mu}-L_{\tau}}$对称下带电的轻暗物质的直接探测约束，并探索了用XLZD和OSCURA接近参数空间的前景，从而能够同时解释最近测量到的μ介子反常磁矩和观测到的暗物质遗迹密度。我们进一步讨论了这一模型中产生的自旋散射贡献，以前的文献忽略了这一贡献。

39. Is Doublet-Triplet Splitting Necessary?id:2404.09021:id在线阅读
Ilja Doršner, Shaikh Saad
We demonstrate that it is not necessary to substantially break the mass degeneracy between the Standard Model Higgs boson doublet and the corresponding scalar leptoquark, where these two fields comprise a single five-dimensional $SU(5)$ representation. More precisely, we show that the experimental data on partial proton decay lifetimes cannot place any meaningful bound on the mass of the scalar leptoquark, a.k.a. the color triplet, if one includes effects of higher-dimensional operators within the Georgi-Glashow model. We also point out that the complete suppression of proton decay via the scalar leptoquark mediation is compatible with the partial suppression of the gauge mediated two-body proton decay signatures. Finally, we derive a proper limit on the cutoff scale of the aforementioned higher-dimensional operators and outline how this scenario could be tested.
我们证明，在标准模型希格斯玻色双子和相应的标量轻夸克这两个场组成一个单一的五维$SU(5)$表示的情况下，并不需要实质性地打破这两个场之间的质量退行性。更确切地说，我们表明，如果在格奥尔基-格拉肖模型中包含高维算子的影响，那么部分质子衰变寿命的实验数据无法对标量轻夸克（又称颜色三重子）的质量施加任何有意义的约束。我们还指出，通过标量轻夸克中介完全抑制质子衰变与部分抑制规中介双体质子衰变特征是一致的。最后，我们推导出了上述高维算子截止尺度的适当限制，并概述了如何检验这种情况。

40. LHC di-lepton searches for $Z^\prime$ bosons which explain measurements of $b \rightarrow s l^+l^-$ transitionsid:2404.14748:id在线阅读
Ben Allanach (University of Cambridge)
Several current measurements of $b \rightarrow s l^+ l^-$ processes are in tension with Standard Model predictions, whereas others (e.g.\ $R_K$ and $R_{K^\ast}$) are in reasonable agreement with them. We examine some recent $Z^\prime$ models that fit the data as a whole appreciably better than does the Standard Model, confronting the models with ATLAS resonance searches in the $e^+e^-$ and $\mu^+\mu^-$ channels. Both channels constrain the models; we find that the searches rule out less than one fifth of the allowed range of $M_{Z^\prime}$. We estimate that the HL-LHC can roughly double the current sensitivity in $M_{Z^\prime}$, but covering the whole parameter space would take a more powerful machine, such as a 100 TeV $pp$ collider.
目前对$b\rightarrow s l^+ l^-$过程的一些测量与标准模型的预言有矛盾，而另一些测量（如$R_K$和$R_{K^\ast}$）则与标准模型的预言有合理的一致。我们研究了最近的一些$Z^\prime$模型，它们在整体上比标准模型更好地拟合了数据，并在$e^+e^-$和$\mu^+\mu^-$信道中用ATLAS共振搜索来对抗这些模型。这两个通道都对模型进行了约束；我们发现搜索排除了不到五分之一的$M_{Z^\prime}$允许范围。我们估计HL-LHC在$M_{Z^\prime}$方面的灵敏度大约是目前的两倍，但是要覆盖整个参数空间则需要一台更强大的机器，比如一台100 TeV $pp$对撞机。

41. Vector-like quarks: status and new directions at the LHCid:2406.09193:id在线阅读
Avik Banerjee, Elin Bergeaas Kuutmann, Venugopal Ellajosyula, Rikard Enberg, Gabriele Ferretti, Luca Panizzi
Experimental searches for vector-like quarks have until now only considered their decays into Standard Model particles. However, various new physics scenarios predict additional scalars, so that these vector-like quarks can decay to new channels. These new channels reduce the branching ratios into Standard Model final states, significantly affecting current mass bounds. In this article, we quantitatively assess the relevance and observability of single and pair production processes of vector-like quarks, followed by decays into both standard and exotic final states. We highlight the importance of large widths and the relative interaction strengths with Standard Model particles and new scalars. Then, we review the post-Moriond 2024 status of these models in light of available LHC data and discuss potential future strategies to enhance the scope of vector-like quark searches.
到目前为止，对类矢量夸克的实验搜索只考虑了它们衰变成标准模型粒子的情况。然而，各种新物理学方案预测了额外的标量，因此这些类矢量夸克可以衰变到新的通道。这些新通道降低了进入标准模型最终态的分支率，极大地影响了当前的质量边界。在这篇文章中，我们定量评估了类矢量夸克单次和成对产生过程的相关性和可观测性，以及随后衰变为标准和奇异最终态的过程。我们强调了大宽度的重要性，以及与标准模型粒子和新标量的相对相互作用强度。然后，我们根据现有的大型强子对撞机数据，回顾了这些模型在莫里恩德2024年之后的状况，并讨论了加强类矢量夸克搜索范围的潜在未来策略。

42. Evolution of coupled scalar perturbations through smooth reheating. I. Dissipative regimeid:2407.17074:id在线阅读
M. Laine, S. Procacci, A. Rogelj
If the inflaton is a heavy scalar field, it may equilibrate slower than some other degrees of freedom, e.g. non-Abelian gauge bosons. In this case, perturbations in the inflaton field and in a thermal plasma coexist from a given moment onwards. We derive a gauge-invariant set of three coupled equations governing the time evolution of such a system. Despite singular coefficients, a reliable numerical solution can be obtained for a long time period, starting from phase oscillations inside the Hubble horizon, and extending until acoustic oscillations in a radiation-dominated universe. Benchmarks are illustrated from a "weak regime", where perturbations have a quantum-mechanical origin but get dissipated by interactions with the plasma. Among applications of our formalism could be inhomogeneity-induced nucleations in post-inflationary phase transitions, and the production of scalar-induced gravitational waves.
如果膨胀子是一个重标量场，它的平衡速度可能比其他一些自由度（如非阿贝尔规玻色子）慢。在这种情况下，从给定时刻开始，流入子场和热等离子体的扰动将同时存在。我们推导出一套规整不变的三耦合方程，用于控制这种系统的时间演化。尽管存在奇异系数，但我们仍然可以得到一个可靠的长周期数值解，从哈勃视界内的相位振荡开始，一直延伸到辐射主导宇宙中的声波振荡。从"弱制度"说明了基准，在弱制度中，扰动具有量子力学起源，但通过与等离子体的相互作用而耗散。我们的形式主义可应用于胀大后相变中不均匀性诱导的成核，以及标量诱导引力波的产生。

43. Ultralight axion and modern cosmology tensionsid:2408.04776:id在线阅读
Takeshi Fukuyama
String-inspired axion model is considered to comprehensively solve the problems of modern cosmology, Hubble tension problem, the origin of the stochastic gravitational wave background, and too early formation of supermassive black holes at high $z$.
弦启发轴子模型被认为可以全面解决现代宇宙学、哈勃张力问题、随机引力波背景的起源以及高 $z$ 超大质量黑洞过早形成等问题。

44. Callan-Rubakov Effect and Higher Charge Monopolesid:2109.11207:id在线阅读
T. Daniel Brennan
In this paper we study the interaction between magnetic monopoles and massless fermions. In the low energy limit, the monopole's magnetic field polarizes the fermions into purely in-going and out-going modes. Unitarity requires that the UV fermion-monopole interaction leads to non-trivial IR boundary conditions that relate the in-going to out-going modes. These non-trivial boundary conditions lead to what is known as the Callan-Rubakov effect. Here we derive the effective boundary condition by explicitly integrating out the UV degrees of freedom for the general class of spherically symmetric $SU(N)$ monopoles coupled to massless fermions of arbitrary representation. We then show that the boundary conditions preserve continuous symmetries without ABJ-type anomalies. As an application we explicitly derive the boundary conditions for the stable, spherically symmetric monopoles associated to the $SU(5)$ Georgi-Glashow model and comment on the relation to baryon number violation.
本文研究了磁单极子与无质量费米子之间的相互作用。在低能量极限，单极子的磁场将费米子极化为纯粹的入射和出射模式。单极性要求紫外费米子与单极子的相互作用导致非三维的红外边界条件，从而将入射模式与出射模式联系起来。这些非三维边界条件导致了所谓的 Callan-Rubakov 效应。在这里，我们通过明确积分出球面对称 $SU(N)$ 单极子与任意表示的无质量费米子耦合的一般类别的紫外自由度，推导出有效边界条件。然后，我们证明边界条件保持了连续对称性，没有 ABJ 类型的反常现象。作为应用，我们明确推导了与$SU(5)$ 格奥尔基-格拉肖模型相关的稳定球对称单极子的边界条件，并评论了与重子数违反的关系。

45. Diffuse Ultra-High-Energy Gamma-Ray Emission From TeV Halosid:2306.00051:id在线阅读
Ariane Dekker, Ian Holst, Dan Hooper, Giovani Leone, Emily Simon, Huangyu Xiao
The LHAASO Collaboration has recently reported a measurement of the diffuse gamma-ray emission from the Galactic Plane at energies between 10 TeV and 1 PeV. While this emission is brighter than that expected from cosmic-ray interactions in the interstellar medium alone, we show that the intensity, spectrum, and morphology of this excess are in good agreement with that predicted from the "TeV halos" which surround the Milky Way's pulsar population. These results support the conclusion that TeV halos dominate the ultra-high-energy sky, and that these objects convert $\sim 5\%$ of their total spindown power into very-high and ultra-high-energy photons.
LHAASO 合作组织最近报告了对银河平面在 10 TeV 和 1 PeV 之间能量的伽马射线漫射的测量结果。虽然这种辐射比单纯的星际介质中宇宙射线相互作用产生的辐射更亮，但我们的研究表明，这种过量辐射的强度、光谱和形态与环绕在银河系脉冲星群周围的TeV晕的预测结果非常吻合。这些结果支持这样的结论：TeV光环在超高能天空中占主导地位，这些天体将其总自旋能量的$\sim 5\%$ 转化为极高能和超高能光子。

46. Non-thermal particle production in Einstein-Cartan gravity with modified Holst term and non-minimal couplingsid:2406.14982:id在线阅读
Tomohiro Inagaki, Naoki Yoshioka
Non-thermal fermionic particle production is investigated in Einstein-Cartan modified gravity with a modified Holst term and non-minimal couplings between the spin connection and a fermion. By using the auxiliary field method, the theory is rewritten into a pseudoscalar-tensor theory with Einstein-Hilbert action and canonical kinetic and potential terms for a pseudoscalar field. The introduced field is called Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron. If the potential energy of the Einstein-Cartan pseudoscalaron dominates the energy density of the early universe, it causes inflationary expansion. After the end of inflation, the pseudoscalaron develops a large value and the non-minimal couplings destabilize the vacuum. Evaluating the non-thermal fermionic particle production process, we obtain the mass and the helicity dependences of the produced particle number density. We show the model parameters to enhance the preheating and reheating processes.
研究了爱因斯坦-卡尔坦修正引力中的非热费米子粒子产生，该引力具有修正的霍尔斯特项和自旋连接与费米子之间的非最小耦合。通过使用辅助场方法，该理论被改写成一个具有爱因斯坦-希尔伯特作用的伪斯卡尔张量理论，以及伪斯卡尔场的规范动能和势能项。引入的场被称为爱因斯坦-卡尔坦伪标量场。如果爱因斯坦-卡坦伪镜龙的势能主导了早期宇宙的能量密度，它就会引起暴胀。暴胀结束后，伪观达龙会形成一个大值，非最小耦合会破坏真空的稳定。通过评估非热费米子粒子的产生过程，我们得到了所产生粒子数量密度的质量和螺旋相关性。我们展示了增强预热和再热过程的模型参数。

47. Axions in Andromeda: Searching for Minicluster -- Neutron Star Encounters with the Green Bank Telescopeid:2407.13060:id在线阅读
Liam Walters, Jordan Shroyer, Madeleine Edenton, Prakamya Agrawal, Bradley Johnson, Bradley J. Kavanagh, David J. E. Marsh, Luca Visinelli
The QCD axion and axion-like particles are compelling candidates for galactic dark matter. Theoretically, axions can convert into photons in the presence of a strong external magnetic field, which means it is possible to search for them experimentally. One approach is to use radio telescopes with high-resolution spectrometers to look for axion-photon conversion in the magnetospheres of neutron stars. In this paper, we describe the results obtained using a novel approach where we used the Green Bank Telescope (GBT) to search for radio transients produced by collisions between neutron stars and dark matter clumps known as axion miniclusters. We used the VErsatile GBT Astronomical Spectrometer (VEGAS) and the X-band receiver (8 to 10 GHz) to observe the core of Andromeda. Our measurements are sensitive to axions with masses between 33 and 42 $\mu$eV with $\Delta$$m_a$ = 3.8$\times10^{-4}$ $\mu$eV. This paper gives a description of the search method we developed, including observation and analysis strategies. Given our analysis algorithm choices and the instrument sensitivity ($\sim$2 mJy in each spectral channel), we did not find any candidate signals greater than 5$\sigma$. We are currently implementing this search method in other spectral bands.
QCD 轴子和类轴子粒子是银河系暗物质的有力候选者。从理论上讲，轴子可以在强外部磁场的作用下转换成光子，这意味着可以通过实验来寻找它们。一种方法是使用配备高分辨率光谱仪的射电望远镜，在中子星的磁层中寻找轴子-光子转换。在本文中，我们描述了使用一种新方法所获得的结果，即利用绿岸望远镜（GBT）来寻找中子星与暗物质团块（即轴子小团）碰撞所产生的射电瞬变。我们使用VErsatile GBT天文光谱仪（VEGAS）和X波段接收器（8到10 GHz）观测仙女座的核心。我们的测量对质量在33到42美元/mu$eV之间的轴子很敏感，其质量为：$\Delta$m_a$ = 3.8美元/次10^{-4}$美元/mu$eV。本文介绍了我们开发的搜索方法，包括观测和分析策略。考虑到我们所选择的分析算法和仪器的灵敏度（每个光谱信道为 2 mJy），我们没有发现任何大于 5$\sigma$ 的候选信号。我们目前正在其他光谱波段实施这种搜索方法。

48. First lattice QCD calculation of $J/\psi$ semileptonic decay containing $D$ and $D_s$ particlesid:2407.13568:id在线阅读
Yu Meng, Jin-Long Dang, Chuan Liu, Xin-Yu Tuo, Haobo Yan, Yi-Bo Yang, Ke-Long Zhang
We perform the first lattice calculation on the semileptonic decay of $J/\psi$ using the (2+1)-flavor Wilson-clover gauge ensembles generated by CLQCD collaboration. Three gauge ensembles with different lattice spacings, from 0.0519 fm to 0.1053 fm, and pion masses, $m_{\pi}\sim$ 300 MeV, are utilized. After a naive continuum extrapolation using three lattice spacings, we obtain $\operatorname{Br}(J/\psi\rightarrow D_s e\nu_e)=1.90(6)(5)_{V_{cs}}\times 10^{-10}$ and $\operatorname{Br}(J/\psi\rightarrow D e\nu_e)=1.21(6)(9)_{V_{cd}}\times 10^{-11}$, where the first errors are statistical, and the second come from the uncertainties of CKM matrix element $V_{cs(d)}$. The ratios of the branching fractions between lepton $\mu$ and $e$ are also calculated as $R_{J/\psi}(D_s)=0.97002(8)$ and $R_{J/\psi}(D)=0.97423(15)$ after performing a continuum limit including only $a^2$ term. The ratios provide necessary theoretical support for the future experimental test of lepton flavor universality.
我们首次使用CLQCD合作产生的（2+1）味道的威尔逊-克洛弗量规组合对$J/\psi$的半轻子衰变进行了晶格计算。我们使用了三个不同晶格间隔（从0.0519 fm到0.1053 fm）和先驱质量（$m_{\pi}\sim$ 300 MeV）的规集。在使用三个晶格间距进行天真的连续推断之后，我们得到 $\operatorname{Br}(J/\psi\rightarrow D_s e\nu_e)=1.90(6)(5)_{V_{cs}}\times 10^{-10}$ 和 $\operatorname{Br}(J/\psi\rightarrow D e\nu_e)=1.21(6)(9)_{V_{cd}}/times 10^{-11}$，其中第一个误差是统计误差，第二个误差来自 CKM 矩阵元素 $V_{cs(d)}$ 的不确定性。在进行了只包括$a^2$项的连续极限之后，计算得出轻子$\mu$和$e$的分支分数之比分别为$R_{J/\psi}(D_s)=0.97002(8)$和$R_{J/\psi}(D)=0.97423(15)$。这些比值为未来轻子味道普遍性的实验检验提供了必要的理论支持。

49. The triton lifetime from nuclear lattice effective field theoryid:2408.06670:id在线阅读
Serdar Elhatisari, Fabian Hildenbrand, Ulf-G. Meißner
In this work, we present a calculation of the triton $\beta$-decay lifetime using Nuclear Lattice Effective Field Theory (NLEFT) at next-to-next-to-next-to-leading order in the chiral expansion. By incorporating a non-perturbative treatment of the higher-order corrections, we achieve consistent predictions for the Fermi and Gamow-Teller matrix elements, which are crucial for determining the triton lifetime. Our results are consistent with earlier theoretical calculations, confirming the robustness of our approach. This study marks a significant advancement in the systematic application of NLEFT to nuclear $\beta$-decay processes, paving the way for future high-precision calculations in more complex nuclear systems. Additionally, we discuss potential improvements to our approach, including the explicit inclusion of two-pion exchange mechanisms and the refinement of three-nucleon forces. These developments are essential for extending the applicability of NLEFT to a broader range of nuclear phenomena, including neutrinoless double-$\beta$ decay.
在这项工作中，我们介绍了利用核晶格有效场理论（NLEFT）在手性扩展中以次导阶计算三子$\beta$衰变寿命的方法。通过对高阶修正进行非微扰处理，我们实现了对费米和伽莫-泰勒矩阵元素的一致预测，这对确定三子寿命至关重要。我们的结果与早期的理论计算结果一致，证实了我们方法的稳健性。这项研究标志着 NLEFT 在核 $\beta$ 衰变过程中的系统应用取得了重大进展，为未来在更复杂的核系统中进行高精度计算铺平了道路。此外，我们还讨论了对我们方法的潜在改进，包括明确纳入双离子交换机制和完善三核力。这些发展对于将 NLEFT 的适用性扩展到更广泛的核现象（包括无中子双-$\beta$衰变）至关重要。